Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State

The developed peace-oath did not attempt the impossible task of suppressing the private wars of the aristocracy completely, but ...

some metaphysical idea of universal peace, but in its adaptation to society as it was actually developing: in the way the peace- ...

peace-oath on the relics of the first martyr, St. Stephen, followed by the other bishops, their priests and people, so that like ...

be examined and punished according to secular law, and also sentenced to double the penance prescribed by the sacred canons.^16 ...

heading for Jerusalem and the property and dependents they left behind, and universal peace among Christian princes proclaimed t ...

amends.^24 In the place of bishop and count the prior of Cluny tried crimes against the peace within the great abbey’s lands, co ...

deadly fever to get the lords of Neustria to accept the truce of God at all;^32 and in 1094 Ivo of Chartres refused to bring his ...

at Mass in the church of Bruges on 2 March 1127 Count Charles was murdered by kinsmen of the provost of the town, against whom t ...

administrative resources of the Anglo-Saxon monarchy probably accounts for the more masterful tone of the statutes of the counci ...

as twelve for stealing as little as 12d. was later rejected as ‘too cruel’ and the age raised to fifteen, Athelstan trusted that ...

observed throughout the realm explicitly for the benefit of the clergy. But the peace of the king was seen to be of many sorts ( ...

But it was in Germany that Landfrieden, detailed codes of peace- regulations applied to whole regions of the country, became a l ...

local churches and communities. The emperor’s powers and responsi- bilities were proclaimed in the arengae(‘harangues’) at the b ...

gained forest rights with the same power to enforce the imperial bannus andpax(‘wildban’) in their forests that other churches h ...

hereditary: a decision which contributed to the formation of the free- holding class which was the backbone of the Italian commu ...

of prelates by princes which boiled up in the reign of the Emperor Henry IV (1056–1106) began to transform the relationship of t ...

peace decreed in 1084 for turbulent Saxony and the provincial peaces arranged in 1093–4 in Swabia, Bavaria, and Alsace, and in S ...

German Landfrieden The claiming of responsibility for the stable and peaceful condition of the commonwealth had become the basis ...

state of that land (statum terre) for the better.^68 Both Conrad III and Frederick I made gifts to churches ‘in the confidence t ...

present and future were received into the emperor’s protection, and the state of the city and its contadowere confirmed in their ...