Table 4 Host–Pathogen Association in Meningitis
Host Pathogen
.Sinopulmonary function Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
.Elderly H. influenzae
Listeria monocytogenes
Brain abscess (2 8 dental focus)
.Sickle cell disease S. pneumoniae
Salmonella
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae
.Splenectomy S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitidis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
.HIV HIV
CMV
Toxoplasma gondii
Listeria monocytogenes
Nocardiasp.
Cryptococcus neoformans
TB/MAI
Lymphomas
.Complement deficiencies S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
.CSF leak S. pneumoniae
.IVDAs Staphylococcus aureus
Aerobic GNBs
.Alcoholism/cirrhosis S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
TB
.Hypogammaglobulinemia S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitides
Enteroviruses
.VA/VP shunts S. epidermidis(CoNS)
S. aureus
Aerobic GNBs
.Recurrent meningitis (usually 2 8 to
immune/anatomic defects)
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitides
Recurrent noninfectious CNS diseases
SLE
Neuro-sarcoidosis
Neuro-Bec ̧het’s
CNS granulomatosis
Vasculitis
.ABE S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
.Brain abscess Oral anaerobes
Citrobacter(children)
S. aureus
Aerobic GNBs
Abbreviations: IVDAs, IV drug abusers; VA, ventriculo-atrial; VP, ventriculo-peritoneal;
ABE, acute bacterial endocarditis; CoNS, coagulase-negative staphylococcal; CMV,
cytomegalovirus; CNS, central nervous system; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus;
MAI, mycobacterium arium-intracellulare; TB, tuberculosis; GNB, gram-negative bacilli.
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