Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine

DE NOVO COINCIDENTAL INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTION
When presenting an overview on the topic of postoperative abdominal infection, it is worth
mentioning for the sake of completeness the possibility of coincidental infection. For example,
a patient’s status post-aneurysm repair has the same likelihood of developing appendicitis as
any member of the general population in the same age group. Therefore, the conscientious
physician considers all possibilities appropriate for the patient’s complete history—not
surgical history only—when constructing a thorough differential.

REFERENCES

1. Barie PS, Hydo LJ, Eachempati SR. Longitudinal outcomes of intra-abdominal infection complicated
   by critical illness. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2004; 5(4):365–373.


2. Evans HL, Raymond DP, Pelletier SJ, et al. Diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection in the critically ill
   patient. Curr Opin Crit Care 2001; 7(2):117–121.


3. Malangoni MA. Evaluation and management of tertiary peritonitis. Am Surg 2000; 66(2):157–161.


4. Paugam-Burtz C, Dupont H, Marmuse JP, et al. Daily organ-system failure for diagnosis of persistent
   intra-abdominal sepsis after postoperative peritonitis. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28(5):594–598.


5. Tsai SC, Chao TH, Lin WY, et al. Abdominal abscesses in patients having surgery: an application of
   Ga-67 scintigraphic and computed tomographic scanning. Clin Nucl Med 2001; 26(9):761–764.


6. Marshall JC. Intra-abdominal infections. Microbes Infect 2004; 6(11):1015–1025.


7. Marshall JC, Innes M. Intensive care unit management of intra-abdominal infection. Crit Care Med
   2003; 31(8):2228–2237.


8. Sitges-Serra A, Lopez MJ, Girvent M, et al. Postoperative enterococcal infection after treatment of
   complicated intra-abdominal sepsis. Br J Surg 2002; 89(3):361–367.


9. Buijk SE, Bruining HA. Future directions in the management of tertiary peritonitis. Intensive Care
   Med 2002; 28(8):1024–1029.


10. Cinat ME, Wilson SE, Din AM. Determinants for successful percutaneous image-guided drainage of
    intra-abdominal abscess. Arch Surg 2002; 137(7):845–849.


11. Khurrum Baig M, Hua Zhao R, Batista O, et al. Percutaneous postoperative intra-abdominal abscess
    drainage after elective colorectal surgery. Tech Coloproctol 2002; 6(3):159–164.


12. Christou NV, Barie PS, Dellinger EP, et al. Surgical Infection Society intra-abdominal infection study.
    Prospective evaluation of management techniques and outcome. Arch Surg 1993; 128(2):193–198.


13. Bosscha K, Hulstaert PF, Visser MR, et al. Open management of the abdomen and planned
    reoperations in severe bacterial peritonitis. Eur J Surg 2000; 166(1):44–49.


14. Schein M. Planned reoperations and open management in critical intra-abdominal infections:
    prospective experience in 52 cases. World J Surg 1991; 15(4):537–545.


15. Hakimi AA, White NB, Hodgson WJ. Laparoscopic repair of intraabdominal abscesses in a septic
    patient. Surg Rounds 2005; 123–127.


16. Oldfield EC.Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment.
    Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2004; 4(4):186–195.


17. Riley TV. Nosocomial diarrhoea due toClostridium difficile. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004; 17(4):323–327.


18. Kalliafas S, Ziegler DW, Flancbaum L, et al. Acute acalculous cholecystitis: incidence, risk factors,
    diagnosis, and outcome. Am Surg 1998; 64(5):471–475.


19. Coelho JC, Campos AC, Moreira M, et al. Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Int Surg 1991; 76(3):146–148.


20. Ryu JK, Ryu KH, Kim KH. Clinical features of acute acalculous cholecystitis. J Clin Gastroenterol
    2003; 36(2):166–169.


21. Howard RJ. Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Am J Surg 1981; 141(2):194–198.


22. Owen CC, Jain R. Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2005; 8(2):99–104.


23. Puc MM, Tran HS, Wry PW, et al. Ultrasound is not a useful screening tool for acute acalculous
    cholecystitis in critically ill trauma patients. Am Surg 2002; 68(1):65–69.


24. Brandt CP, Priebe PP, Jacobs DG. Value of laparoscopy in trauma ICU patients with suspected acute
    acalculous cholecystitis. Surg Endosc 1994; 8(5):361–364.


25. Yang HK, Hodgson WJ. Laparoscopic cholecystostomy for acute acalculous cholecystitis. Surg Endosc
    1996; 10(6):673–675.


26. Chambers WM, Mortensen NJ. Postoperative leakage and abscess formation after colorectal surgery.
    Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 18(5):865–880.


27. Behrman SW. Management of complicated peptic ulcer disease. Arch Surg 2005; 140(2):201–208.


28. Svanes C. Trends in perforated peptic ulcer: incidence, etiology, treatment, and prognosis. World
    J Surg 2000; 24(3):277–283.


29. Gunshefski L, Flancbaum L, Brolin RE, et al. Changing patterns in perforated peptic ulcer disease. Am
    Surg 1990; 56(4):270–274.

Intra-abdominal Surgical Infections and Their Mimics in Critical Care 269