Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine

30. Kalb R, Kaplan MH, Tenebaum MJ, et al. Cutaneous infection at dog bite wound associated with
    fulminant DF-2 septicemia. Am J Med 1985; 78:687–690.


31. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. An
    asplenic woman with evidence of sepsis and diffuse intravascular coagulation after a dog bite. Case
    29-1986. N Engl J Med 1986; 315:241–249.


32. Styrt B, Workman MR, Philpott-Howard J, et al. Managing patients with an absent or dysfunctional
    spleen: guidelines should highlight risk of salmonella infection in sickle cell disease. BMJ 1996;
    312:1359–1360.


33. Williams DN, Kaur B. Postsplenectomy care strategies to decrease the risk of infection. Postgrad Med
    J 1996; 100:195–205.


34. Gallagher F. Streptococcus infection and splenectomy. Lancet 2001; 357:1129–1130.


35. Rabinstein A, Tikhomirov V, Kaluta A, et al. Recurrent and prolonged fever in asplenic patients with
    human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Quart J Med 2000; 93:198–201.


36. Rosner F, Zarrabi M, Benach JL, et al. Babesiosis in splenectomized adults. Review of 22 reported
    cases. Am J Med 1984; 76:696–701.


37. Bach O, Baier M, Pullwitt A, et al. Falciparum malaria after splenectomy: a prospective controlled study
    of 33 previously splenectomized Malawian adults. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005; 99(11): 861–867.


38. Domingo P, Fuster M, Mu-iz-Diaz E, et al. Spurious post splenectomy CD4 and CD8 lymphocytosis in
    HIV infected patients. AIDS 1996; 10:106–107.


39. Bernard NF, Chernoff DN, Tsoukas CM. Effect of splenectomy on T-cell subsets and plasma HIV viral
    titers in HIV-infected patients. J Hum Virol 1998; 1:338–345.


40. Gopal V, Bisno AL. Fulminant pneumococcal infections in normal asplenic hosts. Arch Intern Med
    1977; 137:1526–1530.


41. Bisno AL, Freeman JC. The syndrome of asplenia, pneumococcal sepsis and disseminated
    intravascular coagulation. Ann Int Med 1970; 72:389–393.


42. Barza MJ, Schooley RT. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (case 29-1986). N Eng
    J Med 1986; 315:241–249.


43. Perkins AC, Wedner HJ, Medoff G. Septic shock in a young splenectomized man. Am J Med 1983;
    74:129–143.


44. Curti AJ, Lin JH, Szabo K. Overwhelming post splenectomy infection withPlesiomonas shigelloidesin a
    patient cured of Hodgkin’s disease. Am J Clin Pathol 1985; 83:522–524.


45. Perkins AC, Joshua DE, Gibson J, et al. Fulminant postsplenectomy sepsis. Med J Aust 1988; 148:
    44–46.


46. Missri JC, Rohatgi P. Pneumococcal endocarditis following splenectomy for trauma. Am Heart J 1984;
    108:622–624.


47. Weng J, Brown CV, Rhee P, et al. White blood cell and platelet counts can be used to differentiate
    between infection and the normal response after splenectomy for trauma: prospective validation.
    J Trauma 2005; 59(5):1076–1080.


48. Green JB, Shackford SR, Sise MJ, et al. Late septic complications in adults following splenectomy for
    trauma: a prospective analysis in 144 patients. J Trauma 1986; 26:999–1004.


49. Offenbartl K, Christensen P, Gullstrand P, et al. Treatment of pneumococcal post splenectomy sepsis
    in the rat with human gamma-globulin. J Surg Res 1986; 40:198–201.


50. Camel JE, Kim KS, Tchejeyan GH, et al. Efficacy of passive immunotherapy in experimental
    postsplenectomy sepsis due toHaemophilus influenza type B. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28:1441–1445.


51. Hebert JC, O Reilly M. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances pulmonary
    defenses against pneumococcal infections after splenectomy. J Trauma 1996; 41:663–666.


52. Center for Disease Control. Clindamycin and quinine treatment forBabesia microtiinfection. MMWR
    Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1983; 32:65.


53. Machtinger L, Telford SR, Inducil C, et al. Treatment of babesiosis by red blood cell exchange in an
    HIV-positive, splenectomized host. J Clin Apher 1993; 8:78–81.


54. Lortan JE. Management of asplenic patients. Br J Haematol 1993; 84:566–569.


55. White KS, Covington D, Churchill P, et al. Patient awareness of health precautions after splenectomy.
    Am J Infect Control 1991; 19:36–41.


56. Kinnersley P, Wilkinson CE, Srinivasan J. Pneumococcal vaccination after splenectomy: survey of
    hospital and primary care records. BMJ 1993; 307:1398–1399.


57. Ejstrud P, Kristensen B, et al. Risk and patterns of bacteremia after splenectomy: a population based
    study. Scand J Infect Dis 2000; 32:521–525.


58. Schwartz JS. Immunization practices advisory committee: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
    MMWR 1989; 38:64–76.


59. Appelbaum PC, Shaikh BS, Widome MD, et al. Fatal pneumococcal bacteremia in a vaccinated
    splenectomized child. N Engl J Med 1979; 300:203–204.

Severe Infections in Asplenic Patients in Critical Care 357