Table 1Frequency and Severity of Adverse Reactions to AntibioticsPenicillinsCephalosporinsMonobactamsCarbapenemsAminoglycosidesa TetracyclinesChloramphenicolRifamycinsMetronidazoleMacrolides/AzalideClindamycinGlycopeptidesStreptograminsLipopeptides (daptomycin)OxazolidinonesSulfonamides and TrimethoprimQuinolonesPolymyxinsNitrofurantoinAmphotericinsTriazolesEchinocandinsFlucytosineAcyclovirGanciclovirAnaphylaxisIIIB IIIB IB IIIB IB IB IB IB IB IB IB IIB IBIB IIB IB IB IB IB IB IB IB IB IBCardiotoxicityIB IIIBIBIIBIB IIBNephrotoxicityIIB IIBIIB IIIBIBIIAIIA IIA IIIBIIIBIIBAnemiaIIA IIAIIA IIAIIBIIIA IIBIIIBIIIBLeukopeniaIIB IIBIIBIIIBIIA IIA IIAIIA IIBIIAIIIBIIIBThrombocytopeniaIIB IIBIIBIIIB IIBIIIAIIIB IIBIIAIIBIIIBCoagulopathy(other thanthrombocytopenia)IIB IIBIIBDermatologicalIIIB IIIBIIIBIIAIIAIIIAIIIB IIA IIIAIIANeurotoxicityIBIB IIIB IIAIIA IIIBIIB IB IIIA IIBbHepatotoxicityIIIA IIAIIAIIA IIA IIIB IIA IIA IIAIIAIIA IIAIIBIIAMusculoskeletalIIIB IIIAElectrolyteabnormalitiesIIBIBIIIB IIAFeverIIIA IIIAIIAIAIIIAIAIIIBDiarrheaIIIB IIIB IIB IIIBIIB IIB IIBIIB IIIBIIB IIB IIB IIB IIBIIBTherelativefrequencies at which different antibiotics cause a specific adverse reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) are rated as I (least frequent), II, or III (most frequent). The severity of thereaction is rated as A (mild or moderate) or B (sometimes severe) based upon published reports and the authors’ opinions. Cells are left blank if reactions are infrequent and usuallymild.aAdverse reactions caused by tigecycline are similar to those caused by tetracyclines.bIndicates visual disturbance due to voriconazole is common, but it is unclear if the reaction is due to neurological dysfunction.Adverse Reactions to Antibiotics in Critical Care 543