Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, 271,
550–551
defined, 277
Antibiotic resistance, 513
Antibiotic-resistant superinfections, 551
Antibiotics
absorption of, 522
for aminoglycosides, 527
clearance curve of, 523
continuous infusions, 530–532
cycling, 495
dosing of, 530
in trauma patients, 526–527
pharmacokinetics of, 521–524
prolonged infusions, 532
selection of
antibiotic cycling, 495
broad-spectrum therapy, 491–492
de-escalation therapy, 492
drug therapy, 493–495
empiric antimicrobial therapy,
488–491
tonnage, 512
Antibiotic therapy, of EI
basic principles, 240
organism directed, 241–242
S. aureus, 242–245
Anticoagulation, in IE, 246
Antigen-presenting cell (APC), 379
Anti-interleukin (IL)-1/6/12/23, 378
Anti-Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), 378
Antimicrobial agents, 117–118
Antimicrobial therapy, 118
of MDRA. baumannii, 518
of MDRK. pneumoniae, 518
of MDRP. aeruginosa, 518
of MSSA/MRSA, (CA-MRSA, CO-MRSA,
HA-MRSA), 505–508
for penicillin allergy, 536
for staphylococcal bacteremias, 506
of staphylococcal infections, 498
Anti-Pseudomonasb-lactams, 191
Anti TNF therapy.SeeAnti-tumor necrosis factor
(TNF) therapy
Antituberculous therapy, 427–428
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy,
377–378, 380
aspergillosis and, 382
Candidasp. and, 382
coccidioidomycosis and, 381
Cryptococcussp. infection and, 382
Histoplasmainfection and, 381
Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci(PCP), 382
surgical interventions and, 383
tuberculosis (TB) infection and, 380
viral infections
Hepatitis(HAV/HBV), 383
Herpes simplex(HSV-1), 382
influenza, 382
JC virus, 382
[Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy
viral infections]
Varicella zoster virus(VZV), 382
APACHE II scoring system.SeeAcute
physiological and chronic health
evaluation score (APACHE) II scoring
system
Apical diastolic murmur, physical findings
diagnostic features, 58
noninfectious mimics, 58
PE findings, 58
Apical pan-systolic murmur, physical findings
diagnostic features, 58
noninfectious mimics, 58
ARDS.SeeAcute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS); Adult respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)
Artemesinins, 325–326
Arterial aneurysm, physical findings
diagnostic features, 57
noninfectious mimics, 57
Arthropod-borne infections, 12
Aseptic meningitis, 153
Aspergilloma, 97
Aspergillosis, 96, 97
anti-TNF therapy and, 382
Aspergillus
brain abscesses, 402
burn wound infection by, 365
infection, in SOT recipients, 394–395, 396
pneumonia, in COPD patient, 181
Aspergillus fumigatus, 222, 404
Aspergillusspp., 382
fungal IE and, 222, 233
Aspirin
treatment of Kawasaki disease, 36
Asplenia
causes of
epidemiology, 351
microbiology, 351–352
HIV infection and splenectomy, 352
nonbacterial pathogens, 352
Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection
(OPSI), 352–354
sepsis, 350–351
Asymptomatic bacteriuria, 344
Autoimmune disorders, 351
Avian influenza, 328, 473–474
Axial CT image
in brain abcess, 89, 91
of brain, 86–89
Axial MR image
in brain abcess, 86, 89, 91
of brain, 86
Axillary lymphadenopathy, physical findings
diagnostic features, 55
noninfectious mimics, 55
Azathioprine, 387, 404
Azithromycin, 548
Azoles, 545558 Index