Cerebritis
clinical and radiologic diagnosis of, 90
mimic of, 90
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 24, 87, 134
differential diagnosis of, with negative gram
stain, 146
gram stain, 143, 144
clues in meningitis, 145
lactic acid levels in meningitis, diagnostic
significance of, 146–147
leukocytosis in, 137
in meningitis, 143–146
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), 1
Cervical lymphadenopathy, physical
findings
anterior
diagnostic features, 54
noninfectious mimics, 54
posterior
diagnostic features, 55
noninfectious mimics, 55
CFU.SeeColony-forming units (CFU)
Chagas disease, 402
Chancriform lesions, anthrax, 300–301
Charcot joint, physical findings
diagnostic features, 60
noninfectious mimics, 60
PE findings, 60
Cheek swelling, physical findings
diagnostic features, 53
noninfectious mimics, 53
Chemoprophylaxis, malaria, 354
Chemotherapy
antituberculous, 427–428
Chest
CT scan of, 95
radiography of, 92, 94
X ray.SeeChest X Ray (CXR)
Chest, physical findings
mass
diagnostic features, 57
noninfectious mimics, 57
tenderness
diagnostic features, 57
noninfectious mimics, 57
Chest radiograph, 439
findings for, 460–465
miliary TB and, 424–425
Chest X Ray (CXR), 51, 138, 164, 156, 187, 395,
396, 424, 427, 439, 474, 476, 515
severe CAP and, 170–175
for VAP diagnosis, 187
CHF.SeeCongestive heart failure (CHF)
Child–Pugh scoring system
of liver disease severity, 341–342
Chlamydia pneumoniae, 345
Chloramphenicol, 479, 537
in anemia, 546
Chlorhexidine, 183
Cholangitis, 128
clinical and radiologic diagnosis of, 82–83
Cholecystitis
calculous.SeeCalculous cholecystitis
emphysematous.SeeEmphysematous
cholecystitis
Choledochojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y), 397
Cholesterol emboli syndrome, 74
Cholestyramine, 283
Chorea, physical findings
diagnostic features, 61
noninfectious mimics, 61
Chorioretinitis, 402
Chronic asymmetric oligoarticular
arthritis, 30
Chronic hemodialysis
IE development and, 227
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 167
Chronic meningococcemia, 24
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), 164
pneumonia in, 181
Ciprofloxacin, 190, 545
for gastrointestinal anthrax, 479
Cirrhosis
bacteremia and sepsis, 344–345
classification of liver disease severity, 341–342
endocarditis, 346
infections in, 341–347
pneumonia, 345–346
role of liver in host defense mechanisms, 341
SBP.SeeSpontaneous bacterial
peritonitis (SBP)
spontaneous bacterial empyema, 346–347
urinary tract infections, 344
vibrio infections, 346
Clindamycin, 537
colitis, 271
toxic shock syndrome and, 314
Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS), 392
VAP diagnosis and, 187
CLL.SeeChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Clostridial myonecrosis.SeeGas gangrene
Clostridium botulinum, 274
Clostridium difficile, 84, 116, 190, 262–263,
399–400, 550
clinical presentation, 275–277
colitis, 399
definition of, 276
diagnosis
assays detection, 278–280
differential, 277
imaging studies, 277–278
laboratory testing, 278
two-step protocol, 280
diarrhea, 262–263
epidemiology, 271–272
infection prevention and control, 284–285
microbiology, 274
of epidemic strain, B1/NAP1, 275
recurrent, treatment of, 283–284
risk factors, 272
advanced age, 274Index 561