[Clostridium difficile
risk factors]
antibiotic exposure, 273–274
hospitalization, 274
transmission, 272
treatment
antibiotic treatment—history, 280
guidelines, 280
indications for, 281–282
medications, 283
surgery, 282–283
vancomycin and metronidazole-pharmacology,
280–281
Clostridium difficile diarrhea
Clostridium perfringens, 274, 277
type A, 305
Clostridiumspp.
necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and, 302
Clostridium tetani, 274
Clysis therapy, 367
CMI.SeeCellular-mediated immunity (CMI);
T-lymphocyte function (CMI)
CMV.SeeCytomegalovirus (CMV)
CMV infections.SeeCytomegalovirus (CMV)
infection
CNIE.SeeCulture negative IE (CNIE)
CNS.SeeCentral nervous system (CNS)
CO.SeeCardiac output (CO)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS), 12,
208, 498
in IE, 218, 221, 222
skin and soft tissue infections and, 295
Coccidioidesspp., 381
Coccidioidomycosis
anti-TNF therapy and, 381
Colestiol, 283
Colistin, 495
Collagen vascular diseases,
137–138, 377
Colon cancer, 81
Colonization
of HCW, 117
MRSA, screening patients for, 108
Colony-forming units (CFU), 106
Coma and meningoencephalitis, as tropical
infections, 328–329
Coma (Stage IV), rabies, 480–481
Common-antigen test
CDI diagnosis and, 278–279
Community-acquired CDI (CA-CDI),
271, 272
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA), 103,
315–316
epidemiology of, 107
infections caused by
in adult ICUs, 104
in neonatal ICUs, 104
MW2 strain of, 103
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 14, 164,
345, 439, 498, 516
with cavitation, 170–173
clinical and therapeutic approach to, 175
CXR pattern and degree of hypoxemia, 170–175
determinants
cardiac factors, 165
cardiopulmonary factors, 165
microbial virulence, 164
pulmonary factors, 165
disorders, associated with
CAP pathogens and, 166–167
decreased polymorphonuclear cell function
(PMN), 169
impaired B-lymphocyte/humoral immunity
(HI), 167–169
impaired B/T-lymphocyte function
(HI/CMI), 169
impaired T-lymphocyte function (CMI), 169
empiric antibiotic therapy for, 172, 173–175
etiology of, 168, 169
hypotension/shock and, diagnostic
approach to, 166
normal hosts, 166
Computed tomography (CT) scan, 164, 261
of abdomen
colon cancer, 81
staghorn calculus in pelvis, 77
CDI, diagnosis of, 277–278
of chest, 95, 515
contrast-enhanced, 78
axial CT image of brain, 89, 91
T1-weighted axial MR image of brain, 86
miliary TB and, 425
for VAP diagnosis, 187
Congestive heart failure (CHF), 98, 515
CAP and, 165, 166
CoNS.SeeCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), 493
Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), 390
COPD.SeeChronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Coronavirus, 474
Corticosteroids, 157, 428
Corynebacteriumspp.
skin and soft tissue infections and, 295
Corynebacterium urealyticum, 398
Cotton-wool spots, 73
Coxiella burnetti, 222
CPIS.SeeClinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS)
Cranial nerve palsies, physical findings
diagnostic features, 61–62
noninfectious mimics, 61–62
PE findings, 61–62
CRBSI.SeeCatheter-related bloodstream infections
(CRBSI)
C-reactive protein (CRP), 130
serum test, 147
Creatinine, 545562 Index