Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Disease External eye findings Fundoscopic findings

M. tuberculosis (TB) l Chronic conjunctivitis (often unilateral)
l Conjunctival granulomas
l Phlyctenulosis (focal translucent nodules
along the limbus of the eye)
l Ulcerative/interstitial keratitis
l Scleritis
l Orbital tuberculoma

l Tuberculoma of the choroid

(usually unilateral, but diffuse

choroidal graulomas may be

seen in miliary TB)

SL:

l Chronic granulomatous iritis

l Panuveitis

l Interstitial keratitis

l Keratic precipitates

Figure 1 Interstitial keratitis (see color insert).

Disease External eye findings Fundoscopic findings

Adenovirus l Follicular conjunctivitis with watery/mucoid
discharge (often begins with unilateral
involvement and later spreads to
contralateral eye)
l Subepithelial corneal infiltrates
l Eyelid edema
l Subconjunctival hemorrhage
l Ciliary flush
l Corneal haziness
l Pre-auricular lymph node enlargement

l None

Disease External eye findings Fundoscopic findings

Toxic shock
syndrome (TSS)

l Conjunctival suffusion

l Anterior scleritis

l Scleral ectasia

SL:

l Uveitis

l Keratic precipitates

l Vitreous opacities

l Choroiditis

l Retinal detachments

l Cystoid macular edema

Figure 2 Cystoid macular

edema (see color insert).

Ophthalmologic Clues to Infectious Diseases and Their Mimics in Critical Care 67