to the public, which was in January 2011. The interview was conducted
at Surya Institute on 22 May 2014 during the half-day visit to the institute.
(ii) Resource Person B
Resource Person B is an instructor at Surya Institute. He began working
with Surya Institute before the GASING method was introduced to the
public. The interview was conducted online on 10 September 2013.In addition to observations and interviews, the researcher also conducted
desk research, obtaining information and data from secondary sources,
including research reports describing the implementation of the new
pedagogical approaches in Indonesian contexts, and other publications on
pedagogical approaches.
Findings
Prevailing pedagogical approaches in Indonesia
It is clear that education and training are essential in improving the quality of
human resources in any country. With education, not only can people gain
the knowledge and skills required to obtain decent work^16 to earn their living
but, importantly, their consciousness as human beings is increased and the
quality of their lives is improved. Education today usually takes place through
education institutions, but can also take place anywhere and anytime.
Educational institutions systematize what people should learn and organize
the process of learning in such a way as to improve the capacity of learners.
The most important aspect of the learning process in institutions is the
interaction that takes place between teachers and students. In the book,
Understanding Pedagogy and Its Impact on Learning, Chris Watkins and Peter
Mortimore discuss the meaning of pedagogy and its place in education.
Pedagogy, they say, ‘has been understood during different periods of
history in increasingly complex ways’ (Watkins and Mortimore, 1999, p. 16).
The complexity occurs as the understanding of teaching and learning has
16 According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), decent work “involves
opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the
workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development
and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and
participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and
treatment for all women and men” (ILO, 2015).