an active learning method for mathematics and science called GASING
(Surya, 2011). According to Resource Person A, Prof. Johannes Surya found
that the main reason why students find the subject of physics difficult is
because they do not have sufficient ability in mathematics, a requirement
for learning physics. Therefore, the Surya Institute focuses on mathematics
before teaching physics.
As a teaching method, GASING has similar principles to those of PAIKEM,
and tries to engage students in various learning activities to make learning
fun. The difference is that the GASING method focuses on mathematics and
science, while PAIKEM is applicable to almost all subjects.
The GASING method tries to minimize the phobia of learning mathematics
and science. This method has two principles: start with something concrete,
and ask students to think without writing (mencongak). Using the GASING
method, teachers aim to ensure learners understand the concept rather
than memorize formulas. Surya (2014) notes that when teaching physics, for
example, it is important for students to understand the concepts rather than
memorize and apply formulas. This is clearly relevant to the constructivist
approach in teaching.
The PAIKEM and GASING methods came from the constructivist idea of
learning, in which learning is defined as a process through which students
use their own minds and bodies to observe and do in acquiring knowledge
and understandings. According to Matthews (1994), constructivist teaching
methods are different from teacher-oriented science teaching that happens
in conventional classrooms because constructivist methods significantly
change the classrooms. Through constructivist methods, students are able
to construct their own meanings of the experiences that they undergo. To
achieve this, students should be actively involved in every learning process.
The role of teachers is to facilitate the process so that students gain the
required understandings at the end.
With GASING, students are introduced to various mathematical and scientific
concepts through several enjoyable activities. According to Resource Person
B, this is very important because it improves students’ motivation to learn.
Once the students understand various basic concepts and begin to enjoy
learning mathematics and science, they can learn easily through other
methods, even through drills.