862 INDEX
solid-state control of, 768–77
standard ratings, 582
starting methods, 574–80
three-phase induction motors,
569–73
torque- speed characteristics,
569–74
Inductive reactance, 109, 114
Inductive susceptance, 109
Inductorless filters, 252–55
Inductors, 29–35
dot convention, 34–35
mutually coupled, 34
series and parallel combinations,
31
Inertial time constant, 798
Infinite bus, 201, 556
Information systems:
communication systems, 666–732
signal processing, 625–59
Information sequence, 628
Initial capacitor voltage, 24
Input bias current, op amp, 238
Input offset current, 238
Input offset voltage, 237–38
Input resistance, 224, 236
Input voltage, 239
Instantaneous power, 11
Instrument transformers, 48–49
Instrumentation amplifier, 650
Insulating materials, 7
Insulators, 7, 17
Integral-error control, 795–96
Integrated circuits (ICs), 269–70,
378–79
Integrated-injection logic.SeeIIL
Integrators, 251
Interaction, principle of, 509
Interface bus, 319
Interference, 649–58
Interlaced pattern, 702–3, 705
Internal frequency compensation,
239
Internet, 320, 322
Internet protocol.SeeIP
Interpoles, 596
Interpreter, 318
Intrinsic semiconductors, 340
Inverse Laplace transform, 142
Inverter, 274, 422, 423
Inverting amplifier, 244–45
Inverting integrator, 251
Inverting op-amp stage, 232
Inverting summing amplifier,
246–47
IP (Internet protocol), 321
IP routers, 322
Iron losses, 472–75
Isotropic antenna, 678J
BlankLine
JK flip-flop (JKFF), 294–95Josephon digital technology, 437
Junction FETs (JFETs), 367–71,
395–97
Junction threshold voltage, 361K
Karnaugh maps (K maps), 283,
285–89
Keying, 628
Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL),
39–47
Kirchhoff’s laws, 39–47
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL),
39–47L
Lagging power factor, 113, 456
LAN (local-area network), 320, 322
Lap, 518
Laplace, Pierre Simon, 142
Laplace transform, 814
for circuit analysis, 102–3,
142–54
inverse, 142
properties of, 143–44
single-sided, 142
Laplace transform pairs, 142, 143
Large-scale integration (LSI), 270,
324, 379
Large-signal models, 361
LCD (liquid-crystal display),
313–14
Leading power factor, 113
Leakage, 477
Leakage flux, 33, 481
Leakage reactance, 481, 583
LED (light-emitting diode), 313
Lens-type antennas, 680
Lenz’s law, 480
Light-emitting diode.SeeLED
Line spectrum, 636
Line-of-sight microwave radio
transmission, 730
Linear circuit, 81
Linear commutation, 596
Linear current, 31
Linear distortion, 638, 639
Linear function, 81
Linear modulation, 693
Linear predictive coding (LPC), 721
Linear resistors, 16
Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems,
629
Linearity, 81–83
Links, 322
Liquid-crystal display.SeeLCD
Load, 11, 12–14
Load angle, 556
Load bus, power system, 462, 464
Load factor, 463–64Load line equation, 345
Load torque, 798
Local-area network.SeeLAN
Lock-in amplifier, 658
Locked-loop demodulators, 695
Logic blocks, 273–83
Logic circuits, 427–37
Logic families, 422
Logic synthesis, 281
Long-haul network, 320
Loop error-rate gain factor, 794
Loop proportional gain factor, 794
Loop-current method, controlled
source, 79–80
LORAN, 731
Lorentz force equation, 8, 509
LOS radio transmission, 679, 700
Loss resistance, 681
Losses, synchronous generators,
587
Lossless electromechanical device,
506
Loudspeaker, 513–14
Low voltage windings, transformer,
36
Low-pass filter, 155, 252, 639
Low-pass signals, 638
Low-pass transfer function, 156
Lower sideband (LSB), 687
LPC.SeeLinear predictive coding
LSB.SeeLower sideband
LSI.SeeLarge-scale integration
LTI systems.SeeLinear time-
invariant
Luminance signal, 704
Lumped-circuit elements, 16
capacitance, 24–26
inductance, 29–35
maximum power transfer, 22–24
resistance, 16–19
transformer, 36–38M
Machine-language programs,
317–18
Machines, rotating machines,
553–612
Magnetic bearings, for space
technology, 494–95
Magnetic circuits, 475–79
Magnetic coupling, 649
Magnetic disk memory, 312–13
Magnetic field systems:
alignment, 509–10
applications, 541–42
emf produced by windings,
514–22
forces and torques, 526–39
induction, 507–8
interaction, 509
problems, 540–41
rotating magnetic fields, 522–26