general, limit the number of sessions, the rates of
reimbursement, and the conditions that can receive
(reimbursable) treatment. This “revolution” will
affect the roles and activities of clinical psychologists
in the future. Telehealth will also likely influence
the activities of the clinical psychologist in the
future. Ambulatory assessment will be more com-
mon, as will computer-assisted assessment and treat-
ment. Another hotly contested issue that is likely to
affect clinical training in the future is the pursuit of
prescription privileges. Achievement of this goal
may redefine the field and require a major overhaul
of the doctoral training curriculum.
In this chapter, we have also explored the topics
of cultural competence and cultural and gender sen-
sitivity. In an increasingly pluralistic society, clinical
psychologists must be trained to develop mental
health services that are appropriate and effective for
various cultural groups. Finally, we have presented
an overview of the ethical standards to which clinical
psychologists are held accountable, including issues
of competence, confidentiality, and human relations.KEY TERMS
Academy of Psychological Clinical Science
An organization of clinical psychology programs
and clinical psychology internship sites committed
to the clinical scientist model of training. The
academy is affiliated with the Association for
Psychological Science (APS).
ambulatory assessmentAssessing the emotions,
behaviors, and cognitions of individuals as they are
interacting with the environment in real time.
American Board of Professional Psychology
(ABPP)An organization that offers certification
of professional competence in many psychology
specialties. ABPP certification may be sought
after 5 years of postdoctoral experience and is
granted on the basis of an oral examination, the
observed handling of a case, and records from
past cases.
certificationA professional regulation that pro-
hibits people from calling themselves psychologists
while offering services to the public for a fee unless
they have been certified by a state board of
examiners.
client welfareAn ethical principle that calls upon
psychologists to respect the integrity of their
clients and to guard the relationship from exploi-
tation. This principle encompasses ethical standards
such as avoiding dual relationships with clients and
discontinuing treatment when it is clearly no
longer beneficial.
clinical scientist modelA training model that
encourages rigorous training in empirical research
methods and the integration of scientific principles
into clinical practice.
combined professional-scientific training
programA training model that offers a combined
specialty in clinical, counseling, and school
psychology.
competenceAn ethical principle that calls upon
psychologists to recognize the boundaries of their
professional expertise and to keep up-to-date on
information relevant to the services they provide.
confidentialityAn ethical principle that calls
upon psychologists to respect and protect the
information shared with them by clients, disclosing
this information only when they have obtained the
client’s consent (except in extraordinary cases in
which failing to disclose the information would
place the client or others at clear risk for harm).
cultural competenceAknowledgeandappre-
ciation of other cultural groups and the skills to be
effective with members of these groups.
diversityThe presence of differences, or variety
(as in“cultural diversity”).
Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) degreeAn
advanced degree in psychology with a relative
emphasis on clinical and assessment skills and less
emphasis on research competence.90 CHAPTER 3