ethical standardsAs pertains to psychologists,
enforceable rules of professional conduct identified
by the APA.
health maintenance organization (HMO)A
managed care system that employs a restricted
number of providers to serve enrollees. In an
HMO, costs for all services are fixed.
licensingA professional regulation that is more
stringent than certification. It specifies not only the
nature of the title and training required for
licensure but also the professional activities that
may be offered for a fee.
managed careA profit-driven, corporate
approach to health (and mental health) care that
attempts to contain costs by controlling the length
and frequency of service utilization, restricting the
types of service provided and requiring docu-
mentation of treatment necessity and efficacy.
preferred provider organization (PPO)A
managed care system that contracts with outside
providers to supply services to members. These
outside providers are reimbursed for their services
at a discounted rate in return for an increased
number of member referrals.
prescription privilegesThe legal ability to
prescribe medication. There is currently a heated
debate among clinical psychologists as to the
desirability of obtaining this privilege.
professional schoolsSchools offering advanced
training in psychology that differs from training
offered by traditional doctoral programs. In
general, professional schools offer relatively little
training in research, emphasizing instead training
in assessment and psychotherapy.
scientist-practitioner modelThe predominant
training model for clinical psychologists (also
known as the Boulder model). This model strives
to produce professionals who integrate the roles of
scientist and practitioner (i.e., who practice
psychotherapy with skill and sensitivity and
conduct research on the hypotheses they have
generated from their clinical observations).
Tarasoff caseA landmark 1976 case in which
the California Supreme Court ruled that a
therapist was legally remiss for not informing all
appropriate parties of a client’s intention to harm.
This case legally established a therapist’s“duty to
protect.”
TelehealthThe delivery and oversight of health
services using telecommunication technologies
(e.g., Web sites, e-mail, telephones, online
videoconferencing, and transmitting medical
images for diagnosis) that are often used as a means
to assess, evaluate, and treat psychological and
behavioral problems.WEB SITES OF INTEREST
To visit any of the following Web sites, go to
http://www.wadsworth.com and click Links.
3-1American Board of Professional Psychology
http://www.abpp.org/
3-2Association of State and Provincial Psychology
Boards
http://www.asppb.org/
3-3National Council of Schools and Programs of
Professional Psychology
http://www.ncspp.info
3-4Academy of Psychological Clinical Science
http://acadpsychclinicalscience.org
3-5National Register of Health Service
Providers in Psychology
http://www.nationalregister.org/
3-6Example of Licensure Requirements:
Missouri
http://www.sos.mo.gov/adrules/csr/
current/20csr/20c2235-2.pdfCURRENT ISSUES IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 91