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Clinical Psychology

(Kiana) #1

  • PARTI Foundations of Clinical Psychology

    • 1 Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

    • 2 Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

    • 3 Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

    • 4 Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

    • 5 Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems



  • PARTII Clinical Assessment

    • 6 The Assessment Interview

    • 7 The Assessment of Intelligence

    • 8 Personality Assessment

    • 9 Behavioral Assessment

    • 10 Clinical Judgment



  • PARTIII Clinical Interventions

    • 11 Psychological Interventions

    • 12 Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

      • Perspectives 13 Psychotherapy: Phenomenological and Humanistic-Existential

      • Perspectives 14 Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral



    • 15 Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy



  • PARTIV Specialties in Clinical Psychology

    • 16 Community Psychology

    • 17 Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

    • 18 Neuropsychology

    • 19 Forensic Psychology



  • PARTI Foundations of Clinical Psychology PREFACE xxiii

    • 1 Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

      • What Is Clinical Psychology?

      • Closely Related Mental Health Professions

        • Psychiatrists

        • Clinical Psychology? BOX1.1 Professional Issues: But Is It the Right Prescription for

          • Counseling Psychologists

          • Other Mental Health Professionals





      • Professions and Titles Not Regulated by the Government

      • The Clinical Psychologist

        • Activities of Clinical Psychologists

        • Employment Sites

        • A Week in the Life of Dr. Karen C

        • Some Demographic Notes

        • Research and the Scientific Tradition



      • Training: Toward a Clinical Identity

        • An Overview

        • Clinical Psychology Training Programs



      • A Profession in Movement

        • Women in Clinical Psychology

        • BOX1.2 A Graduate Student Perspective: Julia Martinez

        • Training Models

        • Clinical Practice





    • A Tolerance for Ambiguity and a Thirst for New Knowledge

      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST





  • 2 Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

    • Historical Roots

    • Diagnosis and Assessment

      • The Beginnings (1850–1899)

      • The Advent of the Modern Era (1900–1919)

      • Between the Wars (1920–1939)

      • World War II and Beyond (1940–Present)



    • Interventions

      • The Beginnings (1850–1899)

      • The Advent of the Modern Era (1900–1919)

      • Between the Wars (1920–1939)

      • World War II and Beyond (1940–Present)



    • Research

      • The Beginnings (1850–1899)

      • The Advent of the Modern Era (1900–1919)

      • Between the Wars (1920–1939)

      • World War II and Beyond (1940–Present)



    • The Profession

      • The Beginnings (1850–1899)

      • The Advent of the Modern Era (1900–1919)

      • Between the Wars (1920–1939)

      • World War II and Beyond (1940–1969)

      • The Growth of a Profession (1970–Present)

      • The 1988 Schism

      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST





  • 3 Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

    • Models of Training in Clinical Psychology

      • The Scientist-Practitioner Model

      • The Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) Degree

      • Professional Schools

      • Clinical Scientist Model

      • Richard M. McFall, Ph.D. BOX3.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:

        • Combined Professional-Scientific Training Programs

        • Graduate Programs: Past and Future





    • Professional Regulation

      • BOX3.2 Graduate Student Perspective: Christine Maldonado



    • Private Practice

    • The Costs of Health Care

    • Prescription Privileges

      • Patrick H. DeLeon, Ph.D., J.D. BOX3.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:

      • Elaine M. Heiby, Ph.D. BOX3.4 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:



    • Technological Innovations

      • Telehealth

      • Ambulatory Assessment

      • Computer-Assisted Therapy



    • Culturally Sensitive Mental Health Services

    • Ethical Standards

      • Competence

      • Ethical? Radio Call-In Shows, TV Talk Shows, or Internet Groups: Are They

        • Privacy and Confidentiality

        • Human Relations



      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST





  • 4 Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

    • Introduction to Research

    • Methods

      • Observation

      • Phobias and Early Trauma BOX4.1 Clinical Applications: What Case Studies Can Tell Us About

      • Therapy BOX4.2 Clinical Applications: Generating Hypotheses from

        • Epidemiological Methods

        • Correlational Methods

        • Cross-Sectional Versus Longitudinal Approaches

        • The Experimental Method



      • Lilienfeld, Ph.D. BOX4.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Scott O.

        • Single-Case Designs



      • and Depression BOX4.4 Clinical Applications: The Treatment of Mixed Anxiety

        • Mixed Designs

        • Strengths and Weaknesses of Research Methods







  • Statistical Versus Practical Significance

    • BOX4.5 Graduate Student Perspective: Elizabeth A. Martin



  • Research and Ethics

    • BOX4.6 Who Should Be Studied?

    • BOX4.7 Sample Consent Form

    • CHAPTER SUMMARY

    • KEY TERMS

    • WEB SITES OF INTEREST

    • Problems 5 Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological



  • What Is Abnormal Behavior?

    • Statistical Infrequency or Violation of Social Norms

    • The Case of Dmitri A.

    • The Case of Juanita L.

    • Kenneth J. Sher, Ph.D. BOX5.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:

    • The Case of Cynthia S.

      • Subjective Distress



    • The Case of Kwame G.

    • BOX5.2 Focus on Professional Issues: Culture and Diagnosis

      • Disability, Dysfunction, or Impairment



    • The Case of Richard Z.

    • The Case of Phyllis H.

      • Where Does This Leave Us?





  • Mental Illness

    • Walker, Ph.D. BOX5.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Elaine

      • The Importance of Diagnosis

      • Early Classification Systems





  • DSM-IV-TR

    • The Case of Michelle M.



  • General Issues in Classification

    • Causes of Abnormal Behavior and Mental Illness

      • Major Models of Psychopathology

      • Diathesis-Stress Model



    • The Value of Classification

      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST





  • PARTII Clinical Assessment

    • 6 The Assessment Interview

      • Assessment in Clinical Psychology

        • Definition and Purpose

        • The Referral

        • The Case of Billy G.

          • Question? What Influences How the Clinician Addresses the Referral





      • The Interview

        • General Characteristics of Interviews

        • BOX6.1 Computer Interviewing: Are Clinicians Necessary?

          • Interviewing Essentials and Techniques

          • Rapport

          • Communication

          • The Patient’s Frame of Reference

          • The Clinician’s Frame of Reference





      • Varieties of Interviews

        • The Intake-Admission Interview

        • The Case-History Interview

        • The Mental Status Examination Interview

        • BOX6.2 Sample Intake Report

          • The Crisis Interview

          • The Diagnostic Interview



        • Widiger, Ph.D. BOX6.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Thomas A.



      • Reliability and Validity of Interviews

        • Reliability

        • Validity

        • Suggestions for Improving Reliability and Validity



      • The Art and Science of Interviewing

        • CHAPTER SUMMARY

        • KEY TERMS







  • 7 The Assessment of Intelligence

    • Intelligence Testing: Yesterday and Today

    • The Concept of Intelligence

      • Brief Review of Reliability and Validity

      • BOX7.1 The Bell Curve

        • Definitions of Intelligence

        • Theories of Intelligence





    • The IQ: Its Meaning and Its Correlates

      • The Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

      • Correlates of the IQ

      • Heredity and Stability of IQ Scores

      • BOX7.2 Behavioral Genetics

      • BOX7.3 The Concept of Heritability



    • The Clinical Assessment of Intelligence

      • The Stanford-Binet Scales

      • The Wechsler Scales

      • The WAIS-IV

      • The WISC-IV

      • A Brief Case Report: Intellectual Evaluation

        • The WPPSI-III

        • The Clinical Use of Intelligence Tests



      • The Case of Harold

        • Some Final Observations and Conclusions



      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST





  • 8 Personality Assessment

    • Objective Tests

      • Advantages

      • Disadvantages

      • Methods of Construction for Objective Tests

      • The MMPI and the MMPI-2

      • Ben-Porath, Ph.D. BOX8.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Yossef S.

        • A Summary Evaluation of the MMPI and MMPI-2

        • The Revised NEO-Personality Inventory



      • NEO-PI-R Case Illustration



    • Projective Tests

      • The Nature of Projective Tests

      • Measurement and Standardization

      • The Rorschach

      • Rorschach Case Illustration

      • Rorschach Case Illustration

        • The Thematic Apperception Test



      • TAT Case Illustration

        • Sentence Completion Techniques





    • Illusory Correlation

    • Incremental Validity and Utility

    • The Use and Abuse of Testing

      • BOX8.2 Graduate Student Perspective: Danielle L. Burchett

      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST





  • 9 Behavioral Assessment

    • The Behavioral Tradition

      • Sample Versus Sign

      • Functional Analysis

      • Behavioral Assessment as an Ongoing Process



    • Behavioral Interviews

      • Haynes, Ph.D. BOX9.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Stephen N.



    • Observation Methods

      • Naturalistic Observation

      • Examples of Naturalistic Observation

      • Controlled Observation

      • Controlled Performance Techniques

      • Self-Monitoring

      • Variables Affecting Reliability of Observations

      • Variables Affecting Validity of Observations

      • Observations Suggestions for Improving Reliability and Validity of

      • Contemporary Trends in Data Acquisition



    • Role-Playing Methods

    • Inventories and Checklists

    • Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment

      • Rudolph, Ph.D. BOX9.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Karen D.



    • Strengths and Weaknesses of Behavioral Assessment

      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST



    • 10 Clinical Judgment

      • Process and Accuracy

        • Interpretation

        • Theory and Interpretation

        • Quantitative Versus Subjective Approaches

        • The Case for a Statistical Approach

        • (ACOAs) Effect”: Purported Characteristics of Adult Children of Alcoholics

          • The Case for a Clinical Approach

          • Comparing Clinical and Actuarial Approaches



        • Howard N. Garb, Ph.D. BOX10.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:

          • Conclusions



        • Clinical Decisions? BOX10.3 Focus on Professional Issues: How Do Psychiatrists Make



      • Improving Judgment and Interpretation

        • Information Processing

        • The Reading-in Syndrome

        • Validation and Records

        • Vague Reports, Concepts, and Criteria

        • The Effects of Predictions

        • Prediction to Unknown Situations

        • Fallacious Prediction Principles

        • The Influence of Stereotyped Beliefs

        • “Why I Do Not Attend Case Conferences”



      • Communication: The Clinical Report

        • The Referral Source

        • Aids to Communication

        • A Case Illustration of a Clinical Report

        • CHAPTER SUMMARY

        • KEY TERMS







  • PARTIII Clinical Interventions

    • 11 Psychological Interventions

      • Intervention Defined

      • Does Psychotherapy Help?

        • Martin E. P. Seligman, Ph.D. BOX11.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:





    • Evidence-Based Treatment and Evidence-Based Practice

    • Features Common to Many Therapies

      • Dianne L. Chambless, Ph.D. BOX11.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:



    • Nature of Specific Therapeutic Variables

      • The Patient or Client

      • BOX11.3 Focus on Professional Issues: Cultural Competence

        • The Therapist





    • Course of Clinical Intervention

      • Initial Contact

      • Assessment

      • The Goals of Treatment

      • Implementing Treatment

      • Termination, Evaluation, and Follow-up

      • a Right to Know BOX11.4 Focus on Clinical Applications: Information Patients Have



    • Stages of Change

    • Psychotherapy Research

      • BOX11.5 Focus on Professional Issues: Eysenck’s Bombshell

        • Issues in Psychotherapy Research

        • Comparative Studies

        • Process Research

        • Recent Trends





    • Some General Conclusions

      • CHAPTER SUMMARY

      • KEY TERMS

      • WEB SITES OF INTEREST





  • 12 Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

    • Psychoanalysis: The Beginnings

      • Anna O.

      • Sigmund Freud BOX12.1 Focus on Professional Issues: A Brief Biography of

        • The Freudian View: A Brief Review

        • From Theory to Practice

        • The Role of Insight





    • Techniques of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

      • Free Association

      • Analysis of Dreams

      • Psychopathology of Everyday Life

      • BOX12.2 Focus on Professional Issues: Freud’s Self-Analysis

        • Resistance



      • A Case Illustration of Resistance

        • Transference

        • Interpretation



      • A Case Illustration of Interpretation





  • Psychoanalytic Alternatives

    • Ego Analysis

    • Other Developments

    • Contemporary Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

    • Treatment Interpersonal Psychotherapy: An Empirically Supported

    • Psychotherapy (IPT) BOX12.3 Focus on Clinical Applications: Features of Interpersonal



  • Summary Evaluation of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

    • Does Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Work?

    • Kenneth N. Levy, Ph.D BOX12.4 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:

      • Interpretation and Insight

      • Curative Factors

      • The Lack of Emphasis on Behavior



    • BOX12.5 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Ali Khadivi, Ph.D.

      • The Economics of Psychotherapy



    • BOX12.6 Graduate Student Perspective: Joseph E. Beeney

    • CHAPTER SUMMARY

    • KEY TERMS

    • WEB SITES OF INTEREST

    • Existential Perspectives 13 Psychotherapy: Phenomenological and Humanistic-



  • Client-Centered Therapy

    • Origins

    • The Phenomenological World

    • Rogers BOX13.1 Focus on Professional Issues: A Brief Biography of Carl

      • Theoretical Propositions

      • Core Features

      • The Therapeutic Process

      • Diagnosis



    • A Case Illustration of Client-Centered Therapy

      • Other Applications

      • Some Concluding Remarks





  • The Humanistic-Existential Movement

    • Humanism

    • Leslie S. Greenberg, Ph.D. BOX13.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective:

      • Existential Therapy

      • Logotherapy

      • Gestalt Therapy





  • Emotion-Focused Therapy

  • Existential Therapies Summary Evaluation of Phenomenological and Humanistic-

    • Focused Therapy BOX13.3 Focus on Clinical Applications: Features of Emotion-

      • Strengths

      • Limitations



    • Meneses, M. A. BOX13.4 Graduate Student Perspective: Catalina Woldarsky

    • CHAPTER SUMMARY

    • KEY TERMS

    • WEB SITES OF INTEREST

    • Perspectives 14 Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral



  • Origins of the Behavioral Approach

    • Definition

    • A Brief History



  • Traditional Techniques of Behavior Therapy

    • The Relationship

    • Broad Spectrum of Treatment

    • Systematic Desensitization

    • BOX14.1 Psychologist Perspective: Judith S. Beck, Ph.D.

      • Exposure Therapy



    • Therapy Presented to a Client with Panic Disorder BOX14.2 Focus on Clinical Applications: Rationale for Exposure

    • Prevention Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Exposure Plus Response

      • Behavior Rehearsal

      • Contingency Management

      • Aversion Therapy





  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

    • Background

    • BOX14.4 Graduate Student Perspective: John Guerry, M.A.

      • Modeling

      • Rational Restructuring

      • Stress Inoculation Training



    • Ideas BOX14.5 Focus on Clinical Applications: Common“Irrational”

      • Beck’s Cognitive Therapy



    • Therapy for Depression BOX14.6 Focus on Clinical Applications: Features of Cognitive

      • Dialectical Behavior Therapy





  • An Evaluation of Behavior Therapy

    • Strengths

    • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) BOX14.7 Focus on Clinical Applications: Excerpts from Sessions of

    • Reitz, Ph.D. BOX14.8 Psychologist Perspective: Rhonda Oswalt

      • Limitations

      • The Future



    • CHAPTER SUMMARY

    • KEY TERMS

    • WEB SITES OF INTEREST

    • Therapy 15 Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples



  • Group Therapy

    • A Historical Perspective

    • Approaches to Group Therapy

    • A Case Illustration of Psychoanalytic Group Therapy

      • The Arrangements



    • Psychotherapy for Patients with Personality Disorders BOX15.1 Focus on Clinical Applications: Time-Effective Group

      • The Curative Factors

      • Does Group Therapy Work?

      • The Future of Group Therapy





  • Family Therapy

    • The Development of Family Therapy

    • The Concept of Communication

    • Forms and Methods



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