Based on test–retest correlations, IQ scores tend to
be less stable for young children than for adults.
Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition (SB-5)An intel-
ligence test based on a hierarchical model of
intelligence. The SB-5 measures five general
cognitive factors (fluid reasoning, quantitative
reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working
memory, and knowledge), each of which includes
both verbal and non-verbal subtest activities.
Structure of the Intellect modelAmodel
proposed and tested by Guilford which asserts that
the components of intelligence may be organized
into three dimensions: operations (e.g., memory),
contents (e.g., symbolic), and products (e.g.,
relations). In Guilford’s model, a particular mental
operation is applied to a specific type of content,
resulting in a product.
test–retest reliabilityThe extent to which an
individual makes similar responses to the same test
stimuli on repeated occasions.
theory of multiple intelligencesA theory
forwarded by Gardner that posits the existence of six
intelligences: linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical,
spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal.
triarchic theory of intelligenceA theory
proposed by Sternberg which maintains that
people function on the basis of three aspects of
intelligence: componential (analytical thinking),
experiential (creative thinking), and contextual
(“street smarts,”or the ability to successfully
manipulate one’s environment).
twins reared apartMZ or DZ twins separated
from each other shortly after birth; such twins
share genetic material but not specific environ-
mental influences.
twins reared togetherMZ or DZ twins reared
in the same family environment; such twins
share both genetic material and specific environ-
mental influences. Comparing the concordance
rates of twins reared apart and twins reared
together can help tease apart the genetic and
environmental influences on a particular behavior
or characteristic.
validityThe extent to which an assessment
technique measures what it is supposed to
measure. There are several forms of validity.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Fourth
Edition (WAIS-IV)An adult intelligence test
comprisedofsubteststhattapfourareasof
cognitive functioning: verbal comprehension,
perceptual reasoning, working memory, and
processing speed. The WAIS-IV yields a Full Scale
IQ,inadditiontoIndexscoresforthesefourareas.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)An intelligence test
designed for children between the ages of 6 and- The WISC-IV scores include the Verbal
Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning
Index, Working Memory Index, Processing Speed
Index, and Full Scale IQ.
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of
Intelligence Third Edition (WPPSI-III).An
intelligence test designed for children between the
ages of 2 years, 6 months and 7 years, 3 months. The
WPPSI-III scores include the Verbal IQ, Perfor-
mance IQ, Processing Speed, and Full Scale IQ.
WEB SITES OF INTEREST
To visit any of the following Web sites, go to
http://www.wadsworth.com and click Links.
7-1APA’s Intelligence Topics Web Page
http://www.apa.org/topics/intelligence/
index.aspx
7-2Sir Francis Galton
http://www.galton.org
7-3Human intelligence: Historical influences and
current controversies
http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/THE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLIGENCE 217