Clinical Psychology

Several other trends in intervention are notewor-
thy. First, the number of treatments employed by
clinical psychologists has grown tremendously over the
years. These range from cognitive-behavioral ap-
proaches that have empirical support to“trendier”

approaches like“inner-child therapy”that have no

empirical support. Some have estimated the number of

therapies available at well over 400. Unfortunately,

many of these are“therapies-of-the month,”and few

have empirical support. Perhaps because of this startling

Timeline: Significant Events in Intervention

1793
Pinel introduces humane care in French asylums.
1848
Dorothea Dix successfully lobbies for better facilities for the mentally ill in New Jersey.
1895
Breuer and Freud publish Studies on Hysteria.
1900
Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams.
1908
Clifford Beers inaugurates mental hygiene movement.
1909
Healy founds a child guidance clinic in Chicago.
1920
Watson and Rayner describe the conditioning of fears.
1932
Moreno introduces group therapy.
1950
Dollard and Miller publish Personality and Psychotherapy.
1951
Rogers publishes Client-Centered Therapy.
1952
Eysenck publishes his critique of psychotherapy.
1953
Skinner outlines application of operant principles.
1958
Wolpe describes method of systematic desensitization.
1965
Conference in Swampscott, MA, gives birth to community psychology.

1980s

Rise of health psychology, increasing focus on

brief psychotherapy, increase in psychotherapy research.

1990s

Managed health care has tremendous impact

on psychological services.

1995

Lists of empirically supported treatment appear.

(^1800 1850 1900 1950 2000)
1967
Beck introduces cognitive therapy.
2002
New Mexico becomes first state to allow
prescription privileges for psychologists.
44 CHAPTER 2