Conceptual Physics

30.2 - Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic wave: A wave consisting of electric and magnetic fields oscillating transversely to ...

30.3 - Proportionality of electric and magnetic fields Although the electric and magnetic field vectors of an electromagnetic wa ...

Speed of an electromagnetic wave c = speed of electromagnetic wave Ȧ = angular frequency of wave k = angular wave number of wave ...

30.5 - Creating electromagnetic waves: antennas Radio antennas create electromagnetic waves. A radio antenna is part of an overa ...

30.6 - Earth's seasons Almost all the energy we use on Earth originates in the Sun and arrives in the form of electromagnetic ra ...

Scientists in the 19th century noted a phenomenon in greenhouses caused by the opaqueness of glass to infrared radiation, which ...

In Concept 3 you see an end-on “close up” of several light waves striking a polarizing filter that has a vertical transmission a ...

30.9 - Scattering of light Scattering: Absorption and re-emission of light by electrons, resulting in dispersion and some polari ...

You may also have noted how the Sun appears to change color when it sets. As the Sun’s disk descends toward the horizon, its lig ...

the display, since the amount of power required to turn on each digit segment is negligible. Backlit LCDs are typically found in ...

30.11 - Gotchas A light wave is a transverse wave. Yes. Both of its components, an electric and a magnetic field, oscillate perp ...

Chapter Assumptions Unless stated otherwise, electromagnetic waves are assumed to be propagating as plane waves through a vacuum ...

Section Problems Section 1 - The electromagnetic spectrum 1.1 The speed of light in a vacuum is exactly 299,792,458 m/s. This sp ...

1.6 Apollo 11 astronauts left an array of "corner mirrors" on the Moon, each one consisting of three mirrors arranged at mutual ...

constituent is (n,n,n) and its saturation equals (Nín)/N. For example, the saturation of the vibrant red mentioned above is (246 ...

31.0 - Introduction “Image is everything,” one well-known advertisement blared for years. (An ad from another company then trump ...

31.2 - Light rays Light ray: A straight line used to represent the path of light. Light rays are used to analyze devices such as ...

31.4 - Virtual and real images Image: A reproduction of an object by means of light. Virtual image: An image on the opposite sid ...

An optical illusion Real image perceived as object 31.5 - The law of reflection Law of reflection: The angle of incidence equals ...

What is the angle of reflection? Same as angle of incidence: 25° 31.6 - Ray diagrams for planar mirrors In this section, we use ...