Conceptual Physics

Multiple media Snell’s law is applied multiple times n = index of refraction și = incident angle from normal șr = refracted angl ...

32.4 - Interactive checkpoint: Snell’s law What is the index of refraction of the second material? Answer: n 2 = 32.5 - Everyday ...

Emerges parallel to initial ray 32.6 - Why refraction occurs Why do waves change direction when they change speed? Here we offer ...

sufficient angle of incidence, the angle of refraction reaches 90°, perpendicular to the normal and parallel to the surface of t ...

32.9 - Dispersion and prisms Dispersion: Refraction that causes light to separate into its various wavelengths. Humans perceive ...

32.10 - Gotchas You calculated a material as having a refractive index of 0.76. Oops! This is not possible. The speed of light i ...

Chapter Assumptions Unless stated otherwise, the incident medium is air, with an index of refraction of 1.00. Chapter 32 Problem ...

3.3 A beam of light crosses the interface between two media with an angle of incidence of 34.0° and an angle of refraction of 24 ...

33.0 - Introduction Lenses may be the application of refraction with which you are most familiar. Lenses of glass or plastic, fa ...

converge at the focal point are called paraxial rays. Lenses produce real and virtual images, just as mirrors do. As with mirror ...

Ray 3 starts at the top of the object, passes through the focal point on the near side of the lens, is refracted by the lens, an ...

Ray 2 passes through the lens without changing direction. Ray 3 must refract to be horizontal on the far side of the lens. The f ...

33.4 - Interactive problem: image with a diverging lens This simulation lets you experiment with a diverging lens. You can drag ...

33.6 - Sample problem: object inside the focal point of a converging lens The penguin is inside the focal point of a converging ...

Example 1.) The positive value for the image distance places it on the far side of the lens, which means the image is real. Thes ...

Lensmaker’s equation, air n = index of refraction R 1 = radius of near surface R 2 = radius of far surface Find the distance to ...

33.8 - Interactive problem: optical bench with a lens Your mission here is to create the image at the location shown in the grap ...

33.10 - Nearsightedness Nearsightedness: Ability to focus on nearby objects but not distant objects. To people with nearsightedn ...

The problem Image forms behind retina A solution Corrected with converging lens 33.12 - Physics at work: laser eye surgery Laser ...

cornea. This reduces the angle of incidence for light entering it, and the angle of refraction as a result. Concept 2 shows the ...