Conceptual Physics

36.0 - Introduction Quantum physics is the branch of science required to fully explain the behavior of light, its interaction wi ...

What the scientists observed does not make sense if light is conceived of solely as a wave. Let’s compare their observations in ...

or packets of energy. The energy of a beam of a particular color of light must be a multiple of the energy of the packets that m ...

hydrogen that lie outside of the visible spectrum, which are predicted by formulas very similar to the one in Equation 1. Later ...

It was not easy for scientists to accept Einstein’s new theory. When four elite scientists í including Planck í nominated Einste ...

36.4 - Sample problem: solar radiance Variables What is the strategy? Determine the energy of each photon by using Einstein’s e ...

Step-by-step solution We first compute the energy of a single incident photon, answering the first part of the question above. N ...

36.5 - Photoelectric effect Photoelectric effect: The ejection of electrons from a material due to light striking it. Aspects of ...

bullet will hit a bottle with more energy. The same number of bottles will still be hit; they just go flying off the target fast ...

this case.) Observe that the electrons that are least bound to the metal will be the electrons that leave it with the maximum k ...

Your final goal is to stimulate the chromium atom to emit another photon, which it will do when the electron drops from energy E ...

an electron’s orbit is stable and constant. (By using the term stationary, Bohr did not mean that the electrons stood still, but ...

In sum, in the first decades of the 20th century, scientists had already discovered the physics that Andy Grove and his peers wo ...

To understand the relative ease or difficulty of causing a current to flow, we need the concept of energy bands. Below we show w ...

Above, you see the energy level diagram for the third type of material, a semiconductor. (We use silicon; purists may rightly co ...

bubble is the absence of fluid. The motion of the bubble can be described more concretely as a movement of the fluid around it. ...

conduction band is about 1/20th the size of the band gap for the silicon valence electrons. In sum, an n-type semiconductor has ...

Forward bias Current increases with ǻV Reverse bias Current does NOT increase with |ǻV| 36.15 - Physics at work: MOSFET transist ...

A thin channel of n-type material, called appropriately enough, the n channel, connects the two islands. A layer of insulating m ...

36.16 - Physics at work: photovoltaic cells Photovoltaic effect: Electron flow caused by photons. Solar cells are semiconductor ...