although the input from the site of physical injury is mediated and moderated by
experience and other psychological factors, the model still assumes an organic basis
for pain. This integration of physiological and psychological factors can explain
individual variability and phantom limb pain to an extent, but, because the model
still assumes some organic basis it is still based around a simple stimulus response
process.
Third, the GCT attempted to depart from traditional dualistic models of health by its
integration of the mind and the body. However, although the GCT suggests some inte-
gration or interaction between mind and body, it still sees them as separate processes. The
model suggests that physical processes are influenced by the psychological processes,
but that these two sets of processes are distinct.THE ROLE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN PAIN PERCEPTION
The GCT was a development from previous theories in that it allowed for the existence of
mediating variables, and emphasized active perception rather than passive sensation.
The GCT and the subsequent attempts at evaluating the different components of pain
perception reflect a three-process model of pain. The components of this model are: physio-
logical processes, subjective-affective-cognitive processes and behavioural processes.
Physiological processes involve factors such as tissue damage, the release of endorphins
and changes in heart rate. The subjective-affective-cognitive and behavioural processes
are illustrated in Figure 12.2 and described in more detail below.Fig. 12-2 Psychosocial aspects of pain290 HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY