Final Cover - For Printing

Similarly

x 2 + y 2 is written as

x^3 + y 4 is written as

In writing mathematical expression, dots 5 & 6 are also used for indicating English letters.
When English letters are single between operation such as the above expression, there
is no need to use the English alphabet indicator. However, it is necessary to use this
indicator when more letters appear without preceding and succeeding indicators. For
example (ab) should be written as

whereas ab should be written as

Base Code 14 : Dots 1 and 6
Multiplication (*)
In multiplication, more than one sign is used. For example, in the expressions 2 H^ 3 and
2 ×3, the H and × indicate multiplication operation. The symbol H^ is indicated by the
dots 1 and 6 which resemble the visual symbol . For indicating the × sign, the dots 1 and
6 should be preceded by the dot 4 in the first cell. Therefore, the operations given in this
example are written as follows in Braille.

2 H 3=

2 × 3=

The dot sign (.) (dots 1 and 6) is also used for dot within inclusion sign, dot within
reverse inclusion etc., but these signs are of higher order in nature and do not normally
appear at the secondary level.

••..

••

..

.•

.•

..

-.
-.

..

.•

..

.•

..

••

••.

• ••

..

.•

.•

..

-.
-.

••..

••

.•

.•

..

..

••..

..

.•

..

.•

..

••

••.

• ••

..

.•

.•

..

••.

• -.
  ••
  ••


• ...
  ..
  -.


• ...

.•

••

••

..

.•

.•

• ...
  ..
  -.
  
  
  • ...
  
  
  
  

.•

.•

••

..

-.
-.

• ...
  .•

..

••..

.•

.•

••

..

-.
-.

.•

..

..

• ...
  .•

..

••..