Final Cover - For Printing

As the entire expression is represented visually, it may be easy for a sighted person
to transcribe easily. However, visually impaired children may find the spatial way of
presentation difficult as they lose track of the continuity while reading. Therefore, linear
way is the preferred way of presentation.

While presenting complex and hyper-complex fractions in the linear way, the dividing bars
also need to be distinguished. They are represented as follows:

Horizontal bar of a simple fraction

Horizontal bar of a complex fraction

Diagonal bar of a simple fraction

Diagonal bar of a complex fraction

Presentation of various types of fractions indeed is little bit complicated but understand-
ing the procedures will make the learning more effective.

Base Code 23: Dots 1, 5, and 6. Mirror image of (s)
Horizontal Bar
Dots 1,5, and 6 (reverse “s”) indicates horizontal bar. In vectors, a bar is placed over the
letter to mark it a vector, distinguishing from scalar. For such expressions, the horizontal
bar is used after the letter. Example is as follows:

X =

Base Code 24: Dots 1, 2, 5 and 6 - Mirror image of (t)
Modular Value
In indicating absolute value of a number, the sign is not taken into consideration. For
example, |-3| is 3 since the absolute value is 3. In visual presentation, the vertical line is

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