THEORY
◗ Further reading
Dobson ( 2000 )isthe best introduction to ecologism, and is complemented
by Barry (1999a), which includes good coverage of issues such as the green
state, ecological citizenship and green political economy. Hay ( 2002 )pro-
vides an exhaustive coverage of the many streams of thought influencing
green political thought. Goodin ( 1992 )isaclever and provocative book that
demands attention. Dobson and Eckersley ( 2006 )provides an excellent intro-
duction both to the relationship between ecologism and other ideologies,
and the way traditional political concepts have responded to the ecologi-
cal challenge. For more detailed examination of the relationship between
green theory and other ideologies, see Eckersley ( 1992 ), Pepper ( 1993 ),
Hayward ( 1995 )and de-Shalit ( 2000 ). Amongst the burgeoning literature
relating green theory to traditional political concepts, see Smith ( 2003 )on
democracy, Eckersley (2004a) on the state and Dobson ( 1998 , 1999)onjus-
tice. See the journalsEnvironmental Politicsand, for debates about the links
between ecology and Marxism, socialism, anarchism and feminism,Capital-
ism,Nature,Socialism.Milbrath ( 1989 )presents a fascinating vision of a sus-
tainable society. Ernest Callenbach’s novelEcotopiaoffers one vision of a
green ‘utopia’.NOTES
1 TheLimits to Growthreport was sponsored by the Club of Rome, a group of
affluent industrialists, academics and civil servants.
2 TheLimits to Growthreport was so successful that it drew attention away from
other important contemporary contributions, notably Georgescu-Roegen’s ( 1971 )
work on the second law of thermodynamics. See Barry ( 1994 ).
3 Detailed discussions of future-generations arguments include Golding ( 1972 ),
Barry ( 1991 ), Laslett and Fishkin ( 1992 ), de-Shalit ( 1995 )andDobson ( 1998 , 1999).
4 Fuller discussions of the sustainable society can be found in Die Gr ̈unen ( 1983 ),
Porritt ( 1984 ), Ekins ( 1986 ), Milbrath ( 1989 ), Goodin ( 1992 ), Tokar ( 1992 ), Pepper
(1996), Barry (1999a)andDobson ( 2000 ).
5 For a more detailed discussion of the green, or steady-state, economy, see Ekins
(1986), Daly and Cobb ( 1990 )andBarry (1999a).
6 Goodin’s own theory of agency differs significantly from radical green
perspectives in that he regards the liberal democratic central state as the best
means of achieving green ends and he rejects (rather disparagingly) the green
predilection for living simple individual lifestyles as misconceived and likely to
detract from reaching green outcomes (Goodin 1992 : 78–83, 120–3).
7 The discussion here focuses on political decentralisation rather than on the
potential ecological benefits of a decentralised economy arising from small-scale
production, appropriate technologies and reduced trade and travel.
8 McGinnis ( 1998 )provides an introduction to bioregional writings.
9 For a critique of free-market environmentalism, see Eckersley ( 1993 )andBarry
(1999a:150–5).
10 See also Wells ( 1978 )andScruton ( 2006 ).