Organic Chemistry

Section 25.1 Overall View of Metabolism 1037

Figure 25.2
Glycolysis—the series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions responsible for the conversion of
1 mole of D-glucose into 2 moles of pyruvate.

CH 2 OH

CH 2 OPi

CH 2 OH

OH

HO OH

OH

O

C O

O

OH

OH

HO

PiOCH (^2) CH 2 OH
Mg^2 +
hexokinase
ATP
D-glucose
CH 2 OPi
OH
HO OH
OH
O
D-glucose-6-P
dihydroxyacetone
D-glyceraldehyde-3-P
triosephosphate
isomerase
D-fructose-6-P
O
OH
OH
HO
PiOCH (^2) CH 2 OPi
CH 2 OPi
Pi =
1,3-diphosphoglycerate
O−
3-phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate
CH 2 OPi
2-phosphoenolpyruvate
C
C
O
OPi
O−
CH 2
lactate
C
C
O
HOH
O−
CH 3
pyruvate
C
C
O
O
O−
CH 3
D-fructose-1.6-diP
ADP
Mg^2 +
pyruvate kinase
ADP ATP
glyceraldehyde-3-P
dehydrogenase
NADH + H+ NAD+, HPO 32 −
phosphofructokinaseMg^2 +
aldolase
ATP
ADP
ADP
ATP
lactate
dehydrogenase
NAD+
NADH + H+
Mg^2 + or Mn^2 +
phosphoglucoisomerase
phosphoglycerate
kinase, Mg^2 +
phosphoglyceromutase,
Mg^2 +
Mg^2 + or Mn^2 +,
enolase
−O
O
P
O−
HC O
HOH
C
O
HOH
OPi
CH 2 OPi
C
O
HOH
O−
CH 2 OH
C
O
HOPi
Anabolismcan be thought of as the reverse of catabolism. In anabolism, acetyl-CoA,
pyruvate, and citric acid cycle intermediates are the starting materials for the synthesis
of fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids. These compounds are then used to
form fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. The mechanisms utilized by biological systems
to synthesize fats and proteins are discussed in Sections 19.21 and 27.13.
AU: Shouldn’t this be 1,6-diP?