1038 CHAPTER 25 The Organic Mechanisms of the Coenzymes • Metabolism
Figure 25.3
The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle)—the series of
enzyme-catalyzed reactions responsible for the oxidation of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA to and for
the entry of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA into the cycle.
1 pyruvate dehydrogenase 5 -ketogutarate dehydrogenase 8 fumarase
2 citrate synthase 6 succinyl-CoA synthetase 9 malate dehydrogenase
3 aconitase 7 succinate dehydrogenase 10 pyruvate carboxylase
4 isocitrate dehydrogenase
a
CO 2
pyruvate
10
9
citrate
H 2 O CoASH
malate
2
3
1
CH 3
C
COO−
O
acetyl-CoA
CH 2
CH 3 CSCoA
C
COO−
COO−
CH 2
HCOH
COO−
COO−
O
CH 2
HOCCOO−
CH 2
COO−
COO−
isocitrate
succinate succinyl-CoA
fumarate
4
5
-ketoglutarate
CHOH
CHCOO−
CH 2
COO−
COO−
CO
CH 2
CH 2
COO−
COO−
CO
CH 2
CH 2
COO−
COO−
CH 2
CH 2
COO−
SCoA
O
NAD+ + CoASH
NAD+ + CoASH
NAD+
NADH + H+
+
NADH + H+ +
NADH + H+
NAD+
HCO 3 − + ATP
ADP + Pi
6
7
8
GTP +
CoASH
FAD
FADH 2
H 2 O
GDP +
HPO 32 −
H
H
C
C
COO−
−OOC
NADH + H+
+ CO 2
CO 2
CO 2
oxaloacetate