was to try and reclaim the intellectual respectability that the subject had been
stripped of by the scientific revolution. The most popular strategy was to link it with
the new science of psychology, and in particular with the psychology of Jung. Dane
Rudhyar, in his book The Astrology of Personality,wrote in 1936: “We are above all
stressing values and using a terminology which are found in C. G. Jung’s works,
because we are deeply convinced of their inherent validity, and also because they
dovetail so remarkably with the general set-up of astrological symbolism.”Three other astrologers who have been particularly prominent in promoting
the discipline that would become known as psychological astrology have been
Stephen Arroyo, Liz Greene, and Howard Sasportas. In addition to her astrological
training, Greene holds a doctorate in psychology and is a qualified Jungian analyst.
She cofounded, with Sasportas, the Centre for Psychological Astrology in 1983, an
organization that defines the main aims and objectives of its professional training
course as follows:
1) To provide students with a solid and broad base of knowledge, with-
in the realms of both traditional astrological symbolism and psycholog-
ical theory and technique, so that the astrological chart can be sensi-
tively understood and interpreted in the light of modern psychological
thought.
2) To make available to students psychologically qualified case supervi-
sion, along with background seminars in counselling skills and tech-
niques which can raise the standard and effectiveness of astrological
consultation. Please note that no formal training as a counsellor or
therapist is provided by the course.
3) To encourage investigation and research into the links between
astrology, psychological models, and therapeutic techniques, thereby
contributing to and advancing the existing body of astrological and
psychological knowledge.Typology in Astrology—An Evaluation
As already noted, the way in which Jung’s psychology should be applied to
astrology has been an object of some controversy among astrologers. It seems safe to
conclude that, although it may have been born from astrological ideas, Jung’s psycho-
logical typology has developed a character of its own, so that it is safer not to try and
establish one-for-one correspondences between the elements and the “four functions.”
This case is argued eloquently by Robert Hand in his book Horoscope Symbols:
Astrology understood as a system of psychology in its own right has a
symbolic framework much more powerful than any in orthodox psy-
chology. It would be unrealistic to expect that one man in one lifetime
could develop an understanding of symbols as profound as that of
astrology, which has been developing for thousands of years.—Garry Phillipson and Peter CaseTemperaments in Jungian Psychology
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