coming of the Messiah with the tribulations to be visited on the Jews (Daniel ix:25). As Daniel was a Chaldean student
(Daniel ix:2), it is reasonable to assume that this period of frequent mention was derived by him from the famous Chaldean
tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets. These tables are lost to us, but from many historical references we know the
Chaldeans employed a Soli-lunar calendar, and so tabulated their dates that 490 lunar years were almost exactly contained
in 475 solar years.
If 12 lunations made a lunar year, there would be 5,880 lunations in 490 lunar years. On the Biblical unit of a day for a
year, 490 days are 70 weeks - Daniel's Seventy weeks. One-seventieth of the 5,880 lunations, is 84 lunations: about 7 lunar
years, or 6 solar years and 9 months-the actual duration of each of Daniel's seventy weeks.
In the ancient Hebrew calendar 12 lunar months totalled 354.37 days - 11¼ days short of a solar year. In 8 years this
discrepancy totalled about 3 solar months, which were added every 8 years. In 475 years there would be 59 such additions,
of which the intercalated time aggregated 15 years. This, added to 475 solar years, equals 490 lunar years of the Hebrew
calendar - to within an error of only 2 days. Thus it is seen that in this period the lunar and solar calendars coincided,
making the cycle to which Daniel referred in his Seventy Weeks of Prophecy. (In 475 Julian years are 173495.0 days; in
475 true years, 173490.0 days; in 5875 lunations, 173492.2 days. Thus this ancient Chaldean cycle has a mean value
almost exactly midway between that of a Julian year and a true year.)
Comparing this period to the progressive conjunctions of the great chronocrators, it is found that 24 conjunctions occur in
476.635 years, almost the period of 5,880 lunations in which the Sun, Moon, Jupiter and Saturn conjoin at a point advanced
about 35 degrees in the Zodiac.
Daniel also mentions a cycle of 2,300 years, which offers confirmation of this inference, in that 116 conjunctions of Jupiter
and Saturn occur in a period of 2,303.8 years. Furthermore Daniel, at the beginning of his 70 weeks, recounts how in the
fourth year of the eighty-third Olympiad (about 444 B.C.) Artaxerxes sent Nehemiah to restore Jerusalem. (It can be
inferred that the book of Daniel was not written until some 280 years after this event, for in it Daniel calls to the Jews to
hold out against the policies of Antiochus Epiphanes - who flourished about 170 B.C.) We also find that a Jupiter-Saturn
conjunction took place in 442 B.C.
(2) In another sense, the word chronocraters has been applied to the Rulers of the Seven Ages of Man (q.v.).
Chronos. (1) The original supreme deity, superseded by Zeus. (2) In ancient texts, the planet Saturn (q.v.).
Circle. The complete circle of the zodiac, or 360 degrees of 60 minutes each.
Circles of Position. Circles intersecting the horizon and meridian, and passing through a star: in terms of which to express
the position of the star. Their use is not obsolete. However, Circles of Position were not so used by Ptolemy or Placidus,
who measured the distance of every star by its semi-arc.
Cities, Sign Rulership. v. Signs.
Clairaudience. In occult terminology, the psychic ability to hear sounds or voices regardless of distance. The hearing sense
is deemed to be ruled by Saturn; the psychic sense, by Neptune.
Clairsentience. An occult term indicating psychic sensitivity; a "hunch" or "that peculiar feeling that something is going to
happen." Almost everyone possesses instinctive and intuitive clairsentience to some degree, largely dependent upon the
nature of the configurations in which Neptune is involved.
Climacterical Conjunction. Said of certain Jupiter-Saturn Conjunctions. v. Chronocrators.
Climacterical Periods. Every 7th and 9th year in a Nativity, supposedly brought about through the influence of the Moon
in its position in the Radix. The Moon squares her own place by transit every 7th day, and by direction every 7th year; and
trines it every 9th day and year. Thus the climacterical periods occur at the ages of 7, 9, 14, 18, 21, 27, 28, 35, 36, 42, 45,