Spanish: An Essential Grammar

Note: The pattern shown in Table 10.15 does not apply to verbs like aparecer(see

Table 10.8).

Miscellaneous irregularities

A small group of verbs exhibits idiosyncratic irregularities in the present

indicative and/or subjunctive, and so are best learned separately. The most

common verbs in this category are illustrated in Tables 10.16 and 10.17.

Caber‘fit’ is like saber, except in the 1st person singular present indicative

guepo(which also provides the stem of the present subjunctive), initial

c> qu: quepo, cabes, (vos) cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabéis, caben(present

indicative), quepa, quepas, quepa, quepamos, quepáis, quepan(present

subjunctive).

Imperative

Regular imperative forms

The singular forms of the imperative, except among those Latin American

speakers who use the pronoun vos, are usually identical to the 3rd person

singular present indicative forms. The plural imperative forms are created

by replacing the final rof the infinitive withd(see Table 10.18).

10.2.1

10.2

10.1.2.5

1111

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1011

1

12111

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

20111

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

30111

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

40

41111

10

Verb forms

112

Table 10.15Spelling changes in certain -erand -irverbs

Seguir‘follow’ Vencer‘defeat’ Recoger‘collect’

indicative subjunctive indicative subjunctive indicative subjunctive

sigo siga venzo venza recojo recoja

sigues sigas vences venzas recoges recojas

seguís [LA] sigas vencés [LA] venzas recogés [LA] recojas

sigue siga vence venza recoge recoja

seguimos sigamos vencemos venzamos recoge- recojamos

mos

seguís [SP] sigáis [SP] vencéis [SP] venzáis [SP] recogéis [SP] recojáis [SP]

siguen sigan vencen venzan recogen recojan