The Routledge Companion to Research in the Arts

foundations

for the examination. This does not remove the need for adequate documentation,
however, because the phd must be available for others to study and learn from after
the examination is over.
one attempt to classify practice- based phds is by elkins (2005b). he sees the
dissertation as something that can inform art practice, be equal to the artwork or
even be the artwork. in terms of formal rules along these lines, glasgow school of
art allows a number of different forms of phd submission. of these, ‘portfolio with
written commentary’ and ‘joint portfolio and dissertation’ seem to be the two core
categories. The former is basically an innovative creative work with an explanation
of what is innovative about it and why it is new in the world. The second is partly
a conventional thesis but includes, as an essential element, a creative work (gsa
2007). There are two further categories. ‘portfolio with documentation’ which
allows the body of work to be submitted for the phd in the form of, or together
with, documentation. The candidate is not required to explain or discuss any new
knowledge in a textual form. a candidate is also allowed to submit a ‘thesis’ on its
own in the completely conventional sense. Figure 7.1 shows one way of viewing the
elkins and glasgow models.
in summary, we identify four models of the phd outcome:

• a work (artefact)


• a work with commentary


• a work with dissertation


• a thesis

in line with the earlier discussion of the requirements of research, we suggest that
only the second and third correctly count as suitable for a practice- based phd award.
it should be noted, however, that this position is not agreed by all universities. For

Thesis Dissertation plus

portfolio

Portfolio plus

commentary

Portfolio plus

documentation

history or theory practice-led

Theory

complementing

practice

Two elements

jointly

representing

research

(complementary)

art as research Two elements

jointly

representing

research (unified)

dissertation as

art

practice and

exhibition

With a

commentary

necessary for

understanding

documented

artwork

Figure 7.1 a table drawn from elkins’ models and the glasgow categories