- Wayne A.M. Visser and Alastair McIntosh, Centre for Human Ecology. First
published in:Accounting, Business & Financial History, 8:2, Routledge, Lon-
don, July 1998, pp. 175-189. - Professor John Goldingay, Fuller Seminary, Pasadena, California.
- Rabbi Yosef Kanefsky, Los Angeles, California: private communication; an in-
vited paper presented at the LARIBA 2002 Annual Symposium and Awards
Symposium, Pasadena, California, March 2002. - Published by permission from Rabbi Kanefsky.
- Moses Maimonides is a great Jewish scholar, philosopher, and medical doc-
tor who lived in Egypt and was one of the most prominent in the court of
Saladin. - Professor Christopher Kaczor (http://bellarmine.lmu.edu/ckaczor/), Depart-
ment of Philosophy, Loyola Marymount University; private communication: A
paper presented at the LARIBA Annual Symposium and Awards, Pasadena,
California, March 2002. - Professor Kaczor states: ‘‘I make no claim to original historical research in this
article, but have drawn upon many sources in coming to a deeper understanding
of the issues at hand. I have especially drawn upon:
A. Vermeersche, ‘‘Usury,’’The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XV, 1912,
which is available online at: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15235c.htm and was
downloaded on March 5, 2002.
A. Vermeersche, ‘‘Interest,’’The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII,
1912, which is available online at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08077a.htm
and was downloaded on March 5, 2002.
David J. Palm, ‘‘Usury,’’Encyclopedia of Catholic Apologetics(San Fran-
cisco: Ignatius Press, 2002).
John Noonan,The Scholastic Analysis of Usury(Cambridge: Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 1957). - Published by permission from Professor Christopher Kaczor, Loyola Mary-
mount University, Los Angeles, California. - In Islamic literature there is aqudsiHadeeth, or the words of God spoken to
Prophet Muhammad, that says exactly the same meanings of the words de-
scribed here. - Two sales in one sale is also prohibited in Islamic law.
- The Qur’aan has a verse about those who raise debts in many multiples:
3:130 O ye who believe! Devour not usury, doubled and multiplied; but
fear Allah. that ye may (really) prosper. - St. Thomas Aquinas,Summa Theologica, II–II, question 78, article one.
- Riba in Islamic law can be defined as the act of renting money at a price called
the interest rate; according to the law, money cannot be rented, but fungible
and rentable assets and services can. - N. P. Tanner, S.J. ed.,Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, vol. 1, p. 200.
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2nd edition, 1997, #2269.
- German Grisez,The Way of the Lord Jesus, Vol. II: Living a Christian Life
(Quincy, Illinois: Franciscan Press, 1993), p. 834.
The Faith-Based Judeo-Christian-Islamic Foundation 45