political science

authority by area and by function had already puzzled the founding fathers of political theory and public administration (Fesler ...

the welfare state model not being balanced by increasing public revenues. The state, even in the countries where it is strong an ...

more uncertain while the problem to address becomes more complex. A clear and stable division of functions between levels is no ...

inXuenced by law, such as the French ‘‘science administrative,’’ or with mere descriptions of formal institutional settings, as ...

the 1960 s and in the 1970 s. Britain and France have maintained a persistent stream of publications. In the 1990 s the institut ...

makes a diVerence. Real practices, and not formal authority, enable an understand- ing of who matters more and who has less inXu ...

policy instruments such as intergovernmental grants,Wscal decentralization, and revenue sharing (Oates 1999 ). Models are built ...

Another model argued that the domination of the national state stems from the fact that major tensions occur between the center ...

This perspective explores the intergovernmental black box: Dependence and power games. Central–local relationships operate like ...

those who have legitimate authority at the top, whether inside speciWc institu- tions—for instance the top elected oYcer such as ...

standards deWned in a rigid way by the center are not applicable or even applied, unless a lot ofXexibility is given to those lo ...

embedded in subnational politics. Therefore no more central level exists that has the monopoly on authority. More than ever cent ...

exchange resources, coordinate actions, deWne some common stake to handle and build goals to reach (Rhodes 1997 ). For other aut ...

11 National and Comparative Contexts ........................................................................................... ...

existence of several types of intergovernmental phases or models over seven decades (Wright 1988 ). Comparisons also assess dece ...

localities. At the same time they may provide a tool for further decentralization. While the center has looser control over loca ...

for public institutions to exert authority and to build legitimacy in increasingly changing contexts and power based multilevel ...

Crouch, C. and Marquand,D. 1989 .The New Centralism: Britain Out of Step in Europe? London: Blackwell. Crozier, M. and Thoenig,J ...

Keating,M. 1998 .Territorial Restructuring and Political Change. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. —— 1998 .The New Regionalism in Weste ...

Ranson, S., Jones, G., and Walsh, K. (eds.) 1985 .Between Centre and Locality. London: Allen and Unwin. Rhodes,R.A.W. 1981 .Cont ...