political science

and presidential studies. Analysts of presidential systems note the power of the executive to negate legislative outcomes, where ...

superXuous subsystem to perform independently of any malfunction in other subsystems. What might atWrst sight appear as over-eng ...

representation can involve two complementary systems of representation, with each legislative house drawing on a particular rang ...

4 Bicameralism as Balance ...................................................................................................... ...

bicameral systems to remain in the negative mode of clamping down on executive abuse of power, usually by using the second chamb ...

members in the lower house, in the knowledge that this popular model would in practice be modiWed by the presence of another mod ...

to persons of opposite views’’ (Mill 1984 , 353 ). The context for Mill’s analysis of conciliatory conduct is bicameralism which ...

democracy’’ (Smith 2003 , 6 , 22 – 30 ). Some Australian state upper houses still reXect traditional class interests or at least ...

system is no easy matter, given that we must approach each national political assembly as comprising ‘‘at least outwardly, uniqu ...

6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... ...

A third priority deals with the elusive concept of ‘‘balance’’ in bicameral relationships. We now know quite a lot about the ins ...

—— and Lomasky,L. 1993 .Democracy and Decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bryce,J. 1921 .Modern Democracies, 2 vols ...

Stone,B. 2002. Bicameralism and democracy.Australian Journal of Political Science, 37 ( 2 ): 267 – 81. —— 2005. Changing roles, ...

chapter 25 ..................................................................................................................... ...

literatures oVers some valuable insights but all struggle to meet the challenge of a comparative politics where the number of de ...

The comparative study of local governance institutions is dominated by a concern to comprehend the range of local government sys ...

sector agencies that are privately owned but with a majority of public sector shareholders. Some organizations managing public h ...

positive and negative freedom. UK local government may have only limited freedom from central control but it has, because of its ...

adapt the Hesse and Sharpe model but distinguish between local governments embedded in unitary and federal systems. Norton ( 199 ...

2 Explaining Difference and Identifying Reform Trends .......................................................................... ...