- MODERN EUROPEAN WOMEN 95
Portraits of Felix Klein and David Hubert in the Mathematisches
Institut and streets in Gottingen named after them.
Margaret Maltby also received the Ph. D. degree at Gottingen, Maltby (in physics)
in 1895 and Winston in 1896. 14
Grace Chisholm sent a copy of her dissertation to her former tutor William
Young, and in the fall of 1895 they began collaboration on a book on astronomy, a
project that both soon forgot in the pleasant fog of courtship. They were married
in June 1896. They planned a life in which Grace would do mathematical research
and William would support the family by his teaching. Grace sent off her first
research paper for publication, and William, who was then 33 years old, continued
tutoring. Circumstances intervened, however, to change these plans. Cambridge
began to reduce the importance of coaching, and the first of their four children
was born in June 1897. Because of what they regarded as the intellectual dryness
of Cambridge and the need for a more substantial career for William, they moved
back to Germany in the autumn of 1897. With the help of Felix Klein, William
sent off his first research paper to the London Mathematical Society. It was Klein's
advice a few years later that caused both Youngs to begin working in set theory.
William, once started in mathematics, proved to be a prolific writer. In the words of
Grattan-Guinness (1972, p. 142), he "definitely belongs to the category of creative
14 Margaret Maltby taught at Barnard College (now part of Columbia University in New York)
for 31 years and was chair of physics for 20 of those years. Mary Winston had studied at Bryn
Mawr with Charlotte Angas Scott. She had met Felix Klein at the World's Columbian Exposition
in Chicago in 1893 and had moved to Gottingen at his invitation. After returning to the United
States she taught, at Kansas State Agricultural College, married Henry Newson, a professor of
mathematics at the University of Kansas, bore three children, and went back to teaching after
Henry's early death. From 1921 to 1942 she taught at Eureka College in Illinois.