There are two kinds of endoplasmic reticula.- Rough endoplasmic reticulum.Covered by ribosomes, which are the sites
for synthesizing protein. - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Not covered by ribosomes, this is the site
for synthesizing lipids.
GOLGI COMPLEX
The Golgi complex is considered the “Fedex System” of the cell because it
packages and delivers proteins, lipids, and enzymes throughout the cell and to
the environment. The Golgi complex contains cisterns stacked on top of each
other. A cistern is a sac or vessel and is filled with proteins or lipids (packaged),
detached from the Golgi complex, and transported to another part of the cell.LYSOSOME
Alysosomeis a sphere in animal cells that is formed by, but is separate from, the
Golgi complex, it contains enzymes used to digest molecules that have entered
the cell. Think of lysosomes as the digestive system of the cell. For example,
lysosomes in a white blood cell digest bacteria that is ingested by the cell dur-
ing phagocytosis.MITOCHONDRION
The mitochondrionis an organelle that is comprised of a series of folds called
cristaethat is responsible for the cell’s energy production and cellular respira-
tion. Chemical reactions occur within the center of the mitrochondrion, called
the matrix; it is filled with semifluidin which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is
produced. ATP is the energy molecule in the cell. The mitochondrion is the
powerhouse of the cell.CHLOROPLAST
Eukaryotic cells of green plants and algae contain plastids,one of which is chloro-
plast. Chloroplasts are organelles that contain pigments of chlorophyll and
carotenoids used for gathering light and enzymes necessary for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesisis the process that converts light energy into chemical energy. The(^82) CHAPTER 4 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells