Concepts of Programming Languages

Index 779

Deep binding, 418–419
Deferred reference counting,
299–300
Definitions
in COBOL, 60
of functions, 682–684
in subprograms, 389–391
Delegates, 420–421
delete
in associative arrays, 273
in C++, 291–293, 486
data types, 263
explicit deallocation using, 538
Delphi, 90
Denotational semantics
assignment statements in, 146
evaluation of, 147
examples of, 143–145
expressions in, 145–146
introduction to, 142–143
logical pretest loops in, 147
state of programs and, 145
Department of Defense (DoD),
59–61, 81
Dependents, 601
Depth-first searches, 742
Dereferencing pointers, 291
Derivations, 119–121
Derived classes, 526, 540–544
Derived types, 306
Descriptors, 245
Design issues
for abstract data types,
478–479
for array types, 260
for character string types, 250
for concurrency, 585–586
for exception handling, 633–636
for functions, 428–429
for iterative statements, 363
for multiple-selection
statements, 354–355
for names, 205
for object-oriented
programming, 529–534

for pointer types, 290

for subprograms, 396–397,

413–414

trade-offs, 23

for two-way selection

statements, 350

for union types, 285

Destructors, 487

Diamond inheritance, 531

Dictionaries, 99, 273

Dijkstra, Edsger

guarded commands by,

376–379, 593

on PL/I, 70

semaphores by, 586

on synchronization operations,

591

Direct left recursion, 187

Discriminated unions, 285–287

Disjoint tasks, 581

dispose, 298

DLLs (dynamic link libraries), 67,

512

DO CONCURRENT constructs, 45

do-while statements,

369–370

DoD (Department of Defense),

59–61, 81

Dot notation, 278–279

Double floating-point data types,

247

Dynabook, 86

Dynamic binding

in Ada 95, 561–562

in C#, 557–558

in C++, 544–547

introduction to, 210

in Java, 555

of method calls to methods,

566–568

in Objective-C, 551–552

in object-oriented programming,

527–529, 533

in Ruby, 565

in Smalltalk, 535

Dynamic chains, 450

Dynamic dispatch. see Dynamic

binding

Dynamic languages, 68–71

Dynamic length strings,

253–255

dynamic link libraries (DLLs), 67,

512

Dynamic links, 446

Dynamic scoping, 227–229,

462–466

Dynamic semantics

axiomatic semantics as. see

Axiomatic semantics

denotational semantics as,

142–147

introduction to, 139

operational semantics as,

139–142

Dynamic type binding, 212–214,

303, 569

Dynamic type checking, 303

E

Eager approach, 299

EBNF (Extended BNF), 129–132,

181–182

ECMA (European Computer

Manufacturers Association),

97

Edinburgh syntax, 737

Edwards, Daniel J., 680

Eich, Brendan, 97

Elaboration, 215

Elemental operators, Fortran 95+,

266

Elliptical references, 279

else-if clause, 360–361

Encapsulation constructs

in Ada, 482, 512, 516

in C, 510–511

in C#, 498, 512–513

in C++, 486, 511–512,

514–515