Concepts of Programming Languages

786 Index

Multiple assignment statements,
340
Multiple inheritance, 527, 531–532
Multiple-Instruction Multiple-
Data (MIMD) computers,
578
Multiple-selection statements
design issues for, 354–355
examples of, 355–358
implementation of, 358–359
using if, 360–362
Multiprocessors, 577–579
Multithreaded programs, 579–580

N
Name type equivalence, 305
Named constants, 232–234
Names
design issues for, 205
in encapsulation constructs,
513–517
form of, 205–206
introduction to, 204–205
keywords, 206
reserved words and, 206–207
special words, 206–207
summary of, 234–235
of variables, 208
variables vs., 207–209
Narrowing type conversions, 329
National Physical Laboratory, 69
Natural operational semantics, 140
Naur, Peter, 55–56, 117
NCC (Norwegian Computing
Center), 72
Negation problem, Prolog,
754–756
Nested classes
in C#, 558
in Java, 555–556
in object-oriented
programming, 533
Nested list structures, 49
Nested subprograms, 397–399,
454–460

Nesting classes, 533

Nesting selectors, 351–354

nesting_depth, 455

.NET languages

assemblies in, 512–513

computing platform for, 89

evolution of, 101

F# as, 712

introduction to, 22

JIT systems in, 30

JScript.NET as, 97

Microsoft Visual Studio .NET

as, 31

programming environments

of, 31

NetBeans, 31

Netscape, 97

von Neumann, John, 18

von Neumann architecture

in imperative programming

languages, 204

introduction to, 18–19

in LR parsing, 195

von Neumann bottlenecks, 27

new

in allocation of objects, 532

in C#, 498, 557

in C++, 486

data types, 263

in heap management, 298

in Java, 552

in Ruby, 564

New Programming Language

(NPL), 69

Newell, Allen, 47

NeXT, 90

next iterators, 373

Nil values, 49, 289

Nonblocking synchronization, 612

Nonconverting cast conversions,

304

nonlocal, 227

Nonstrict programming languages,

710

Nonterminal symbols, 118, 122

Norwegian Computing Center

(NCC), 72

NOT operators, 333–334

not operators, 755–756

NPL (New Programming

Language), 69

NULL, 691–692

Numeric data types, 246–249

Numeric predicate functions, 685

Nygaard, Kristen, 72–73

O

Object slicing, 532–533

Objective-C

abstract data types in,

490–496

C++ and, 90

dynamic binding in, 551–552

encapsulation constructs in,

490–492

information hiding in, 492–493

object-oriented programming

in, 549–552

Object-oriented constructs, 566–568

Object-oriented languages

allocation of objects in,

532–533

deallocation of objects in,

532–533

design issues for, 529–534

dynamic binding in, 533

exclusivity of objects in,

529–530

initialization of objects in,

533–534

multiple inheritance in,

531–532

nested classes in, 533

single inheritance in, 531–532

subclasses vs. subtypes in,

530–531

Object-oriented programming

in Ada, 558–563

binding method calls to

methods in, 566–568