Bari 91wars led to a population collapse from about 50,000 in
1340 to 20,000 by 1477. In 1480, the Jews, who had con-
tributed much to the economic prosperity of the city,
were expelled.
See alsoCATALONIA;LULL,RAMÓN, ANDLULLISM.
Further reading:Donald J. Kagay, ed., The Usatges of
Barcelona: The Fundamental Law of Catalonia(Philadel-
phia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994); Stephen P.
Bensch, Barcelona and Its Rulers, 1096–1291(Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1995); Felipe Fernández-
Armesto, Barcelona: A Thousand Years of the City’s Past
(London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991); Kristine T. Utter-
back, Pastoral Care and Administration in Mid-Fourteenth
Century Barcelona: Exercising the “Art of Arts”(Lewiston,
N.Y.: E. Mellen Press, 1993).
Bari A city in APULIAon a low promontory of the Adri-
atic Sea, Bari was the center of BYZANTINEoperations in
southern ITA LYfrom the time of its reconquest by BASILI
in 876 until 1071, when the NORMANSconquered it. In
late antiquity it was a city of only middling importance
but had a bishop by 465.
The town was first captured from the Greeks in the
seventh century by the LOMBARDSof Benevento and only
regained political importance in the ninth century,
becoming the seat of a Lombard gastald,before being
overrun by the Muslims. From 847 to 871 it was the capi-
tal of an emirate that extended over almost all modern
Apulia. The CAROLINGIANemperor Louis II (r. 855–875)
and the BYZANTINE emperor Basil I accomplished the
expulsion of the Muslims from the city in 871. In 876 the