Jagiellonian dynasty 393landlord oppression, and war. The leaders were primarily
village notables, rural artisans, or country priests. The
peasants tried to develop but only got the merest hint of
an alliance with contemporary Parisian rebels, led by Éti-
enne Marcel (ca. 1317–58). They were no match for the
fierce repression carried out by an aroused nobility in
league with rich townspeople.
Before and after this episode, there were many
other peasant uprisings. In the 12th and 13th centuries,
peasant communities frequently opposed seigniorial
interests. In the later Middle Ages, there was a succes-
sion of popular movements and rebellions across
Europe, many of which recalled the Jacquérie in vari-
ous ways.
See alsoCIOMPI;PEASANT REBELLIONS.
Further reading:Rodney H. Hilton, Bond Men Made
Free: Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of
1381 (London: Temple Smith, 1973); Michel Mollat and
Philippe Wolff, The Popular Revolutions of the Late Middle
Ages,trans. A. L. Lytton-Sells (London: Allen and Unwin,
1973).Jacques Coeur SeeCOEUR,JACQUES.Jacques de Molay(Molai) SeeJAMES OFMOLAY.Jacques de Vitry SeeJAMES OFVITRY.Jagiellonian dynasty The Jagiellonians were descen-
dants of Gediminas (born about 1275), the grand duke of
LITHUANIA from about 1316 to 1341/42. Through
his successful resistance to the TEUTONICKNIGHTS, he
extended his power over Belarus and parts of Ukraine.
He accompanied this influence with strategic marriages