Vulgate 733PENTECOSTSunday a few months later, he ordered the
mass baptism of his subjects. During the same summer
he married a Byzantine princess, Anne (963–1011). He
ordered the building of many wooden churches at Kiev
as well as a palace church of stone by 996. He moved in
Kiev more clerics and church furnishings from Cherson
on the BLACKSEA, which he conquered in 989 after it
had revolted against Basil II. By 988 the metropolitanate
of Rus ́as well as four or five bishoprics had formed
the 60th ecclesiastical province of the patriarchate of
CONSTANTINOPLE. This process of Christianization was
thorough and permanent, giving rise to his later canon-
ization and his nickname as the “New Constantine.”
He died on July 15, 1015, in Berestova near Kiev
and was soon venerated as a saint in the teeth of the
violence and chaos among his sons, all fighting to suc-
ceed him.
Further reading:Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd
P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, trans., The Russian Primary Chroni-
cle: Laurentian Text (Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval
Academy of America, 1973); John Fennell, A History of
the Russian Church to 1448(London: Longman, 1995);
Yves Hamant, ed., The Christianization of Ancient Russia:
A Millennium, 988–1988(Paris: UNESCO, 1992); Andrzej
Poppe, The Rise of Christian Russia(London: Variorum
Reprints, 1982); Vladimir Volkoff, Vladimir the Russian
Viking(London: Honeyglen, 1984).
Voyage of Saint Brendan SeeBRENDAN, SAINT.
Vulgate The Vulgate is the medieval and modern name
of the Latin translation of the BIBLEcommonly used in the
Middle Ages in Western Europe and officially recognized
as the only authentic version by the Council of Trent in- In the fifth century JEROMEwas dissatisfied with
earlier translations based on the Greek Septuagint version.
So commissioned he translated much of the Old Testa-
ment from the Hebrew and revised the texts of the New
Testament. From the sixth century and overcoming the
considerable opposition of those accustomed to the tradi-
tional texts, this translation, except Jerome’s version of the
Psalms, was the most commonly used and accepted. As
the texts were transmitted by manuscripts over centuries,
the texts became corrupted over time and various revi-
sions were attempted by scholars such as ALCUIN. It was
first printed by GUTENBERGin 1456. However, the Vulgate
remained the accepted Latin text until it was reedited in
the mid-16th century after the Protestant Reformation.
From then on its text was better preserved since it could
be printed and thus more carefully maintained as the stan-
dard Catholic version for study and the liturgy.
Further reading:Hans H. Glunz, History of the Vul-
gate in England from Alcuin to Roger Bacon: Being an
Inquiry into the Text of Some English Manuscripts of the
Vulgate Gospels(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1933); G. W. H. Lampe, ed., The Cambridge History of the
Bible.Vol. 2, The West from the Fathers to the Reformation
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969); Beryl
Smalley, The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages,3d ed.
(Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1983).