Notes to pages 40–53 289
- The octave species (to use the modern terminology) gives the pattern of intervals constituting the lower
pentachord (intervals over a perfect fifth) of the mode; for both Ionian and Aeolian, the octave species is T T S
T T, compared to Dorian T S T T T and Phyrigan S T T S T. - Aristotle, Physics 224b34 – 35 (1984, 380).
- See Aristotle, Physics 254b12 – 26 (1984, 425) and Pesic 2014a.
- Oresme 1968b.
- Bacon 1968, 4:216, 2:342; see Pesic 2014a.
- For the case of Albert the Great, see Partington 2004 ; for the theory of transmutation, see Principe 2013 ,
25 – 26, 37 – 38, 125 – 127. - For a helpful explanation of degrees of impossibility or improbability involved in such “ absurdities, ” see
Funkenstein 1975. For his knowledge of Greek, see Copernicus 1985, 3 – 19; for his relation to the question of
the ordering of the spheres, see Westman 2011, 48 – 55. - Knoll 1975 , 143.
- Dyer 2007, 2009 ; Ward 2013.
- Heilbron 2010 , 218. For the relation of Oresme and Buridan to Copernican thought, see Blumenberg 1987 ,
152 – 168. - Copernicus 1985, 90, 126n327 (Martianus).
- Copernicus 1992 , 22. For the aesthetic issues, see Gingerich 1993, 193 – 204.
- Ptolemy 1998 , 35, 37.
- Ibid. , 45.
- Regarding the meanings and resonances of symmetria , see Westman 2011 , 135 – 137, 187 – 190.
- His published text refers to the Pythagoreans at Copernicus 1992 , 3. His original text ( Copernicus 1992 ,
25 – 26, 361) expanding these references was deleted before publication (whether by his own or another hand).
For his relation to Aristarchus, see Gingerich 1993, 185 – 192. - Both Galileo and the church authorities referred to “ Pythagorean ” heliocentric cosmology; see G. Galilei
1890 , 2:198; Heilbron 2010 , 110 – 111; and Copernicus and Rh ä ticus 1959 , 138 – 139. For the general history of
Pythagoreanism during this period, see Joost-Gaugier 2009. - Copernicus and Rh ä ticus 1959 , 138 – 139.
- For his final stance on heliocentrism, see Westman 1975 , 299 – 305.
- Gilbert 1958 , 215.
- Quoted from V. Galilei 2003 , xvii. See Drake 1992 ; R. Lundberg 1992 ; Palisca 1992 ; cf. the critique of
Vincenzo ’ s originality and importance in Pirrotta 1984 , 219 – 222. - See Walker 1978 , 14 – 26.
- I will try to address the larger dimensions and context of this project in Pesic in preparation-b.
- Referring to the choral antistrophe and epode; V. Galilei, de ’ Bardi, and Mei 1960, 133.
- V. Galilei 2003 , 77. As confirmed by Palisca ’ s note, the Italian term stelle clearly signifies planets rather
than fixed stars both because of context (the sentence makes no sense if it were to refer to the stars, which even
for Copernicus and Kepler were not considered to have any ordering of distance) and also because of the musical
metaphor described in the text. - See Gingerich 2002.
- Zarlino 1579 , 1588 , vol. 4. For Zarlino ’ s theoretical and mathematical views, see Mambella 2008; Heller-
Roazen 2011, 61 – 73. - I thank Owen Gingerich for drawing my attention both to Zarlino ’ s calendrical writings and to his ownership
of a copy of Copernicus ’ s book, as cataloged in Gingerich 2002 , 133. - G. Galilei 1890 , 10:68. Heilbron (2010 , 112) argues that Galileo had adopted this opinion “ five or six? ”
years before 1595. - The work in question is Clavius 1999 , first published 1581; for the dating of Galileo ’ s notebook and its
sources, see G. Galilei 1977 , 22 – 23, 264 – 265.