Susmel, P., Stefanon, B., Spanghero, M. and Mills, C.R. (1996) Ability of mathematical models to
predict faecal output with a pulse dose of indigestible marker. British Journal of Nutrition75,
521–532.
Tamminga, S., Robinson, P.H., Meijs, S. and Boer, H. (1989) Feed components as internal markers in
digestion studies with dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology27, 49–57.
Tan, T.N., Weston, R.H. and Hogan, J.P. (1971) Use of^103 Ru-labelled tris (1,10-phenanthroline)
ruthenium (II) chloride as a marker in digestion studies with sheep. International Journal of
Applied Radiation and Isotopes22, 301–308.
Teeter, R.G., Owens, F.N. and Mader, T.L. (1984) Ytterbium chloride as a marker for particulate
matter in the rumen. Journal of Animal Science58, 465–473.
Thewis, A., Rodriguez Paz, F., Francois, E. and Bartiaux-Thill, N. (1989) Utilization of lignin
according to Christian as an internal marker for assessing digestibility of temperate grasses with
or without supplementation in adult rams.XVI International Grassland Congress. Nice, France,
pp. 835–836.
Todd, L.K., Sauer, W.C., Christopherson, R.J., Coleman, R.J. and Caine, W.R. (1995a) The effect of
feeding different forms of alfalfa on nutrient digestibility and voluntary intake in horses. Journal
of Animal Physiology and Nutrition73, 1–8.
Todd, L.K., Sauer, W.C., Christopherson, R.J., Coleman, R.J. and Caine, W.R. (1995b) The effect of
level of feed intake on nutrient and energy digestibilities and rate of feed passage in horses.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition73, 140–148.
Udén, P., Colucci, P.E. and Van Soest, P.J. (1980) Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as
markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture31,
625–632.
Van Bruchem, J., Kamphuis, F., Janssen, I., Lammers-Wienhoven, S.C.W., Bangma, G.A. and Van den
Hoek, J. (1990) Tritiated hay and chromium-mordanted neutral-detergent fibre as particulate
markers for digesta kinetics in the reticulo-rumen. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science
38, 1–8.
Van den Hoek, J., Ten Have, M.H.J., Gerber, G.B. and Kirchmann, R. (1985) The transfer of tritium-
labelled organic material from grass into cow’s milk. Radiation Research103, 105–113.
Van Keulen, J. and Young, B.A. (1977) Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in
ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science44, 282–287.
Van Soest, P.J. (1963) Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the
determination of fiber and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists
46, 829–835.
Vulich, S.A., O’Riordan, E.G. and Hanrahan, J.P. (1991) Use of n-alkanes for the estimation of herbage
intake in sheep: accuracy and precision of the estimates. Journal of Agricultural Science,
Cambridge116, 319–323.
Worley, R.R. (1987) Some physical aspects of digestion of forages by steers and binding of ytterbium
and hafnium as digesta particles markers. PhD thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station,
USA.
Young, B.A., Turner, B.V., Dixon, A.E., Winugroho, M., Abidin, Z., Exley, D.M. and Young, S.B.
(1991) Evaluation of radiolabelled microspheres as digesta markers. In:Isotope Aided Studies
on Sheep and Goat Production in the Tropics.Proceedings of the final research co-ordination
meeting on improving sheep and goat productivity with the aid of nuclear techniques organized
by the joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 20–24
February 1989. Perth, Australia.
Use of Markers 277