Other Electrolytescontinued Clinical Chemistry Review 96
ANALYTE REFERENCE RANGE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OTHER
Phosphorus,
inorganic
(phosphate)
Lactate (lactic acid)
2.5–4.5 mg/dL
4.5–19.8 mg/dL
↑with renal disease, hypoparathyroidism.
↓with hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D
deficiency, renal tubular acidosis.
Sign of ↓O 2 to tissues.
Major intracellular anion. Mostly in bones.
Component of nucleic acids, many coen-
zymes. Important reservoir of energy
(ATP). Limited value alone. Should be
correlated with Ca2+(normally reciprocal
relationship). Higher in children. Citrate,
oxalate, EDTA interfere. More in RBCs than
plasma. Avoid hemolysis. Separate
promptly.
By product of anaerobic metabolism. Best
not to use tourniquet. Patient shouldn’t
make fist. Collect in heparin & put on ice
or use fluoride to inhibit glycolysis.
Enzymatic methods.
