and functional problems, such as VESICOURETERAL
REFLUX(a condition in which urine flows back into
the ureters from the bladder). The procedure
requires no preparation or recovery and takes
about 20 minutes to complete. Some people expe-
rience discomfort during the instillation of the
contrast medium because it creates the pressure of
a full bladder. Minor discomfort or burning may
occur with URINATIONfor a day or two after the
procedure.
See also BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH);
BLADDER CATHETERIZATION; CYSTOSCOPY; URETER; URE-
THRAL STRICTURE.
dialysis See RENAL DIALYSIS.
dysuria PAIN, discomfort, or burning with URINA-
TION. Dysuria may be primarily external (occur
with the passing of URINEthrough the URETHRA) or
internal (felt as discomfort, pressure, or pain
within the lower pelvis). Dysuria is most com-
monly a symptom of CYSTITIS (INFLAMMATION or
INFECTIONof the BLADDERand urethra), though it
occurs as a symptom of numerous conditions
involving the genitourinary tract. The diagnostic
path begins with urinalysis and may include other
diagnostic procedures, depending on the full spec-
trum of symptoms and the findings of the urinaly-
sis. Treatment targets the identified causative
condition.CONDITIONS FOR WHICH
DYSURIA IS A COMMON SYMPTOM
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA(BPH) CHLAMYDIA
CYSTITIS EPIDIDYMITIS
GONORRHEA NEUROGENIC BLADDER
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE(PID) PROSTATITIS
pyelonephritis sexual trauma
TRICHOMONIASIS URETHRITIS
URINARY TRACT INFECTION(UTI) UROLITHIASIS
VAGINITISSee also ANURIA; ENURESIS; HEMATURIA; NOCTURIA;
OLIGURIA; URINARY INCONTINENCE; UROLITHIASIS.186 The Urinary System