albuminuria 176,177, 191, 192,
205, 210, 211
alcohol 237, 337–338, 384
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 71
alcoholic hepatitis 56, 71
alcoholism 80, 81, 89, 381, 385
aldosterone 111–112
Addison’s disease 106
adrenal glands 107, 108
endocrine system 99
hyperaldosteronism 136
hyperkalemia 138
renin 158
stress response hormonal
cascade 159
urinary system 171
aldosteronism. See
hyperaldosteronism
alimentary system. See
gastrointestinal system
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 75
alosetron (Lotronex) 65
ALP (alkaline phosphatase) 75
alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 243,244,
263, 345
Alport’s syndrome 176–177, 208
Alzheimer’s disease 358, 376, 379,
381
amenorrhea 243,269, 270
American College of Obstetricians
and Gynecologists (ACOG)
278
American Joint Committee on
Cancer (AJCC) 329
amniocentesis 243–244,244, 327
amniotic fluid 243, 244,320, 349
ampulla of Vater 4, 38
amyloidosis 112–113, 190
anabolic steroids and steroid
precursors 113, 119
anal atresia 10,40, 352. See also
bowel atresia
anal fissure 10–11,54, 85, 87, 88
androgens 113, 113 t
aging, reproductive and sexual
changes that occur with 242
estrogens 126
FSH 127
hirsutism 134
hormone 135
ovaries 313
PCOS 320
progesterone 157
testosterone 160
uterine fibroids 350
andropause 244–245
anemia 171–172, 192, 193, 219,
269, 371
angiotensin II 111, 158, 171
angiotensin-converting-enzyme
(ACE) 171
anorexia nervosa 94, 361, 374
antacids 11–12, 11 t
antianxiety medications 359–360,
360 t
antibody response 200, 203
antidepressant medications
360–362, 361 t, 362 t
antidiarrheal medications 12–13,
12 t
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
113–114
androgens 113
diabetes insipidus 122
endocrine system 99
hypothalamus 145
kidneys 202
renin 158
urinary system 171
antiemetic medications 13–14, 14 t
antipsychotic medications
362–363, 362 t
anus 14
anxiety 358, 376, 380
anxiety disorders 359, 378
APC (adenomatous polyposis coli)
gene 43
Apgar score 245, 245 t
appendectomy 6, 14–15, 15
appendicitis 15, 86
appendix 14, 15, 15–16
ART. Seeassisted reproductive
technology
arterioles 69, 111, 113, 136
arteriovenous (AV) shunt 217
artery 206, 302
ascites 16, 195
assisted reproductive technology
(ART) 245–247,264, 283, 289,
293, 295, 356
atherosclerosis 218, 338
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) 128
attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) 364
autism 364–365
autoimmune disorders
Addison’s disease 106, 107
colitis 25
diabetes 119, 120
endometriosis 276
Goodpasture’s syndrome 193
Graves’ disease 129hypothyroidism 147
IBD 64
islets of Langerhans 149
nephritis 207
POF 324
polyglandular deficiency
syndrome 156
primary biliary cirrhosis 84
primary sclerosing cholangitis
85
somatostatin 159
autonomic nervous system 3, 82
autosomal dominant pattern 176,
214
autosomal recessive pattern 176,
197, 214
AV (arteriovenous) shunt 217B
balanitis 248
bariatric surgery 48, 86
barium enema 17
barium swallow 17, 41
Barrett’s esophagus 17–18,37, 40,
42, 58
Bartholin’s cyst 248,306, 352
Bartholin’s gland 248, 353
behavior modification therapy 366
conduct disorder 369
conversion disorder 369
cyclothymic disorder 370
dysthymic disorder 373
hypochondriasis 376
OCD 378
oppositional defiant disorder
378
panic disorder 379
phobia 379
psychotherapy 381
trichotillomania 386
benign paroxysmal positional
vertigo (BPPV) 164
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
248–249, 249 t
aging, urinary system changes
that occur with 175
bladder 178
cystoscopy 185
erectile dysfunction 280
hydronephrosis 196
Kegel exercises 199
prostate gland 330
retrograde ejaculation 336
urinary incontinence 224
urinary urgency 225
vesicoureteral reflux 230392 Index