their primary sports into their training regimens,
using other activities to exercise their bodies in
different ways. A runner or bicyclist may swim
and jump rope for aerobic exercise, for example.
Rest allows the body to heal any minor injuries as
well as to recover its capacity to perform, particu-
larly after participation in a competition or organ-
ized event.
Philosophies differ on the optimal approach to
final preparation for a competitive or organized
event. Many sports trainers recommend backing
off on training for 5 days before the event, engag-
ing in light activity to keep the body flexible but
not at such a level as to exert the muscles or aero-
bic capacity. A bicyclist training for a century ride
(100 miles), for example, may do an 85- to 100-
mile ride 10 days before the event, ride 30 to 45
miles every other day until 5 days before the
event, and not ride again until the event. A tennis
player may engage in two-a-day sessions until the
week before a match, drop to a couple days of
light volley practice, and then rest until the match.
The premise behind this approach is to let the
body fully recover and prime itself at its optimal
performance level; thus may also minimize the
risk for injury. A competitive athlete may choose
to consult or work with a personal trainer who
can tailor specific training activities, including
nutrition and hydration, for his or her individual
needs.Clothing, Equipment, and Technique
The proper clothing, equipment, and techniques
are important for safety as well as performance in
any training regimen. Every activity has special-
ized items that are either necessary or make the
activity easier and safer to perform. Safety equip-
ment, such as helmets and EYEprotection, is cru-
cial in many activities. The right clothing, such as
padded bicycle shorts or walking shoes, cushions
and protects the body. Proper technique is essen-
tial for improvement toward performance goals as
well as to reduce the risk for injury. It is important
to choose equipment and clothing that is appro-
priate for the activity and that fits the individual.
See also ATHLETIC INJURIES; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY REC-
OMMENDATIONS; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; WEEKEND WAR-
RIOR.234 Fitness: Exercise and Health