312 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Music Theory, Second Edition
diminished, 22
half steps, 23, 25
major and minor, 21
perfect, 21
exercises, 43
diatonic notes, 31
keys, 45-53
changing, 52-53
circle of fifths, 50
key signatures, 46
major keys, 46
minor keys, 48-49
outside the key notes (acci-
dental), 51-52
major scales
intervals, 29
overview, 28-30
minor scales
harmonic minor, 34-35
melodic minor, 35-37
natural minor, 31-33
modes
Aeolian, 41-42
Dorian, 39
Ionian, 38-39
Locrian, 42-43
Lydian, 40-41
Mixolydian, 41
Phrygian, 40
overview, 27-28
pentatonic scale, 99
pitch, 6
scale-based chords, 127-130
scientific pitch notation, 9
scores. See also music, written music
choral music, 243, 247
concert band, 248-251
jazz band, 247-248
navigation techniques, 83-87
Coda sign, 85
measure repeat sign, 85
multiple-measure rest sign,
86-87
note repeat, 85-86
repeating sections, 84
Segno sign, 84-85
notation guidelines, 241-242
orchestra, 252
second inversions (chords), 122
Segno sign, 84-85
senza sordini (dynamic marking), 83
setup, rehearsal routine, 258
seventh chords, 204
dominant, 116-117
major, 117
minor, 117-118
sharps
key signatures
circle of fifths, 50
overview, 48
pitch intervals, 17-18
sign, 18
sixteenth notes, 61
sixth chords, 119
skip-wise motion (melody), 101-102
slash chords. Seealtered bass
chords
slow tempos, 79
slurs, notation techniques, 216
smorzando (dynamic marking), 83
software
music notation software, 252
software-based transposition, 182
Solfeggio method, tone values, 7-8
sonatas, 150
songs. See alsomusic, written music
classical music, 150
counterpoint, 198-199
dynamics
accented notes, 82-83
changing, 81-82
markings, 81, 83
eight-measure phrase rule,
147-148
forms
classical, 149-151
head arrangements, 148
harmony
counterpoint, 187
note combinations to avoid,
198-199
swapping notes, 192
voice leading, 192-193
voicing and inversions,
189-191
melodies. Seemelodies
navigation techniques, 83-87
Coda sign, 85
measure repeat sign, 85
multiple-measure rest sign,
86-87
note repeat, 85-86
repeating sections, 84
Segno sign, 84-85
notating lyrics, 220-221
parts
bridge, 147
chorus, 146endings, 147
instrumental solos, 147
introductions, 146
verse, 146
transposition
common uses, 178-179
degree-wise, 180-181
exercises, 183
interval-based, 181-182
overview, 177-178
software-based, 182
step-wise, 179-180
sopranos, vocal arrangements, 226
sotto voce (dynamic marking), 83
specialty clefs
alto, 13
octave, 14
percussion, 14
tenor, 13
staccato mark, 217
staff
clefs
bass, 12
grand, 12-13
specialty, 13-14
treble, 11-12
ledger lines, 11
naming tones, 9-11
step-wise motion (melody), 101-102
step-wise transposition, 179-180
strepitoso (dynamic marking), 83
strings
instrumental arrangements,
227-228
quartets, 150
ranges, 233
strumming, accompaniment,
174-175
Study of Orchestration, The, 263
substitution (chord substitution)
diatonic, 206-207
dominant seventh, 208-209
functional, 209
major, 207
minor, 207-208
sudden accents, 82
suites, 150
suspended chords, 121-122
swapping notes (harmony), 192
swing, notation techniques, 219-220
symmetry, melodies, 105-106
symphonies, 150
syncopated rhythms, 103