Fourier, Joseph, 94
FOXRAB, 181
fractions, 83
Fraenkel, Adolf, 24
French Revolution, 208
Frost, Robert, 126
Fukuyama, Francis, 242
functions, xv–xvi, 97
origins of, 97
restricting the domain of, 136
ways of combining, 97G
Galen, 111
Galileo, 67
Galois, Évariste, 94–95
Galois groups, 95–96
Galois theory, 94–96
game theory, 235
Gamow, George, x, 192
Gasarch, William, 166
Gauss, Carl Friedrich
alternative geometries and, 106,
107– 8, 109, 110 –11
infinite sets and, 18, 19, 247
mathematical talents of, 72–73
publication of results, attitude
toward, 106
“Gauss trick,” 72
General Theory of Equations in Which It
Is Shown That the Algebraic
Solution of the General Equation of
Degree Greater Than Four Is
Impossible (Ruffini), 90
Geometric Investigations on the Theory of
Parallels (Lobachevsky), 110
geometry
analytic, 35
differential, 149
Euclidean, see Euclidean geometry
hyperbolic, 24, 25, 26
non-Euclidean, discovery of, 104,
105 –12
solid, 69
Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem, 226–27
Giuliani, Rudy, 218
Glashow, Sheldon, 36, 148
God, proofs of existence or nonexis-
tence of, 244–45
Gödel, Kurt, xv, xvii, 24, 116, 122–26
incompleteness theorem, xv, xvii,
123–24, 151, 241
Gödel numbering, 124
Goldbach, Christian, 238
Goldbach conjecture, 122, 238
Goodstein sequence, 130
Goodstein’s theorem, 129, 130, 240
Gore, Al, 216
Gould, Stephen Jay, 217
graph coloring problem, 164 –65
gravitation, 36, 137–38, 148, 188
leaking of gravitational force into
other dimensions, 189
local decreases in entropy, 190 –91
Newton’s law of, 31, 32, 34, 76,
143 – 4 4, 145, 150
quantum theory of, 146
theory of relativity, see relativity,
theory of
gravitons, 145–46, 150
great problems, see unsolvable and
great problems
Greece, ancient, 13, 67–72, 74, 76
Euclidean geometry, see Euclidean
geometry
Greene, Brian, x, 189
Gross, David, 148
group(s), 94
commutative, 92–93254 Index