xxvi • Preface to Instructors- New material on the testing effect in the section “Research Showing That Encoding
Influences Retrieval.” - Expanded treatment of how memory principles can be applied to studying.
- “Memory and the Brain” section moved to the end of the chapter to avoid inter-
rupting the narrative describing encoding and retrieval. - New Method: “Cued Recall.”
CHAPTER 8 EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS
- Expanded section on the constructive nature of memory.
- Expanded treatment of source monitoring.
- New Method: “Testing for Source Monitoring.”
- Updated material on memory errors and eyewitness testimony, including a descrip-
tion of the reverse testing effect.
CHAPTER 9 KNOWLEDGE
- Simplified treatment of the connectionist approach to knowledge representation.
- New material on category information in single neurons.
- New material on neuropsychological studies of category-specific knowledge
impairment. - New material discussing how the brain’s representation of category knowledge
includes activation of areas that respond to properties such as what an object is
used for and how it moves. - New Demonstration: “Activation of Property Units in a Connectionist Network.”
- New Something to Consider: “Categorization in Infants.”
- New Method: “Familiarization/Novelty Preference Procedure.”
CHAPTER 10 VISUAL IMAGERY
- Minor changes were made in this chapter.
- New Demonstration: “Experiencing Imagery.”
CHAPTER 11 LANGUAGE
- Method: “Word Superiority Effect” moved to this chapter.
- Section on understanding sentences rewritten, focusing on clarifying sections stu-
dents found difficult. To accomplish this, the section on parsing has been rewritten. - New Demonstrations: “Late Closure”; “Making Up a Story” (inference in story
understanding). - Situation models updated, with new material on mental representations as simula-
tions, and the physiology of simulations. - Something to Consider on the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis has been rewritten to consider
research on how Russian names for “blue” affect color categorization and on the
relation between brain lateralization and the effect of language on color perception.
CHAPTER 12 PROBLEM SOLVING
- Minor changes to this chapter focus on improving pedagogy.
- Newell-Simon approach and analogical problem solving sections rewritten and
tables added for increased clarity. - New Something to Consider: “Does Large Working Memory Capacity Result in
Better Problem Solving? It Depends” (on the effect of stress on problem solving).
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