Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience, 3rd Edition

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Bob Krist/Corbis

WHAT IS A PROBLEM?

THE GESTALT APPROACH: PROBLEM SOLVING AS REPRESENTATION

AND RESTRUCTURING

Representing a Problem in the Mind

Restructuring and Insight

DEMONSTRATION: Two Insight Problems

CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

DEMONSTRATION: The Mutilated Checkerboard Problem

MODERN RESEARCH ON PROBLEM SOLVING: THE INFORMATION-

PROCESSING APPROACH

Newell and Simon’s Approach

DEMONSTRATION: Tower of Hanoi Problem

The Importance of How a Problem Is Stated

DEMONSTRATION: The Mutilated Checkerboard Problem

METHOD: Think-Aloud Protocol

TEST YOURSELF 12.1

USING ANALOGIES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS

Analogical Transfer

Analogical Problem Solving and the Duncker Radiation Problem

DEMONSTRATION: Duncker’s Radiation Problem

Analogical Encoding

Analogy in the Real World

METHOD: In Vivo Problem-Solving Research

HOW EXPERTS SOLVE PROBLEMS

Differences Between How Experts and Novices Solve Problems

Expertise Is Only an Advantage in the Expert’s Specialty

CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

DEMONSTRATION: Creating an Object

RESULT IN BETTER PROBLEM SOLVING? IT DEPENDS! SOMETHING TO CONSIDER: DOES LARGE WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY

RESULT IN BETTER PROBLEM SOLVING? IT DEPENDS!

TEST YOURSELF 12.2

CHAPTER SUMMARY

THINK ABOUT IT

IF YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE

KEY TERMS

MEDIA RESOURCES

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